Queiroz Adriano, Riley Lee W
Divisão de Doenças Infecciosas e Vacinologia, Escola de Saúde Pública, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2017 Jan-Feb;50(1):9-18. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0230-2016.
The lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a dynamic structure that is involved in the regulation of the transport of nutrients, toxic host-cell effector molecules, and anti-tuberculosis drugs. It is therefore postulated to contribute to the long-term bacterial survival in an infected human host. Accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis remodels the lipid composition of the cell wall as an adaptive mechanism against host-imposed stress. Some of these lipid species (trehalose dimycolate, diacylated sulphoglycolipid, and mannan-based lipoglycans) trigger an immunopathologic response, whereas others (phthiocerol dimycocerosate, mycolic acids, sulpholipid-1, and di-and polyacyltrehalose) appear to dampen the immune responses. These lipids appear to be coordinately expressed in the cell wall of M. tuberculosis during different phases of infection, ultimately determining the clinical fate of the infection. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the metabolism, transport, and homeostatic or immunostatic regulation of the cell wall lipids, and their orchestrated interaction with host immune responses that results in bacterial clearance, persistence, or tuberculosis.
结核分枝杆菌富含脂质的细胞壁是一种动态结构，参与营养物质、有毒宿主细胞效应分子和抗结核药物转运的调节。因此，推测它有助于细菌在受感染的人类宿主中长期存活。越来越多的证据表明，结核分枝杆菌重塑细胞壁的脂质组成，作为对抗宿主施加压力的一种适应性机制。其中一些脂质种类（海藻糖二分枝菌酸、二酰化磺基糖脂和基于甘露聚糖的脂多糖）引发免疫病理反应，而其他一些（结核硬脂酸二分枝菌酸酯、分枝菌酸、硫脂-1以及二酰基和多酰基海藻糖）似乎会抑制免疫反应。这些脂质在结核分枝杆菌感染的不同阶段似乎在细胞壁中协同表达，最终决定感染的临床转归。本综述总结了目前关于细胞壁脂质代谢、转运、稳态或免疫稳态调节及其与宿主免疫反应协调相互作用导致细菌清除、持续存在或结核病的知识的知识的现状。
