Veksler Bella Z, Gunzelmann Glenn
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
Cogn Sci. 2018 Mar;42(2):600-632. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12489. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Research on sleep loss and vigilance both focus on declines in cognitive performance, but theoretical accounts have developed largely in parallel in these two areas. In addition, computational instantiations of theoretical accounts are rare. The current work uses computational modeling to explore whether the same mechanisms can account for the effects of both sleep loss and time on task on performance. A classic task used in the sleep deprivation literature, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), was extended from the typical 10-min duration to 35 min, to make the task similar in duration to traditional vigilance tasks. A computational cognitive model demonstrated that the effects of time on task in the PVT were equivalent to those observed with sleep loss. Subsequently, the same mechanisms were applied to a more traditional vigilance task-the Mackworth Clock Task-providing a good fit to existing data. This supports the hypothesis that these different types of fatigue may produce functionally equivalent declines in performance.
关于睡眠不足和警觉性的研究都聚焦于认知表现的下降，但这两个领域的理论阐释在很大程度上是并行发展的。此外，理论阐释的计算实例很少见。当前的研究使用计算建模来探究相同的机制是否能解释睡眠不足和任务时长对表现的影响。睡眠剥夺文献中使用的一个经典任务——心理运动警觉性测试（PVT），从典型的10分钟时长延长至35分钟，以使该任务在时长上与传统警觉性任务相似。一个计算认知模型表明，PVT中任务时长的影响与睡眠不足所观察到的影响相当。随后，相同的机制被应用于一个更传统的警觉性任务——麦科沃斯时钟任务，与现有数据拟合良好。这支持了以下假设：这些不同类型的疲劳可能会导致功能上等效的表现下降。
