Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2018 Aug;27(4):e12633. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12633. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
We aimed to investigate whether self-monitoring of performance is altered during 60 h of total sleep deprivation, following 2 nights of recovery sleep, and by task difficulty and/or subjective sleepiness. Forty adults (22 females, aged 19-39 years) underwent a 5-day protocol, with a well-rested day, 66 h total sleep deprivation (last test session at 60 h), and 2 nights of 8 h recovery sleep. An arithmetic task (MATH) with three difficulty levels assessed working memory. The Psychomotor Vigilance Task assessed sustained attention. Arithmetic accuracy and Psychomotor Vigilance Task median reaction time measured objective performance. Subjective performance was measured with self-reported accuracy and speed. Objective-subjective differences assessed self-monitoring ability. The performance on both tasks declined during total sleep deprivation and improved following recovery. During total sleep deprivation, participants accurately self-monitored performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task; however, they overestimated cognitive deficits on MATH, self-reporting performance as worse than actually observed. Following recovery, participants overestimated the extent of performance improvement on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Task difficulty influenced self-monitoring ability, with greater overestimation of performance deficits during total sleep deprivation as difficulty increased. Subjective sleepiness predicted subjective performance ratings at several time points, only for the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. The ability to self-monitor performance was impaired during total sleep deprivation for working memory and after recovery sleep for the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, but was otherwise accurate. The development of self-monitoring strategies, assessing both subjective perceptions of performance and subjective sleepiness, within operational contexts may help reduce the consequences of sleep-related impairments.
我们旨在探究在经历 60 小时的完全睡眠剥夺以及 2 晚的恢复性睡眠后，个体的自我表现监测是否会发生改变，同时还考虑了任务难度和/或主观困倦度的影响。40 名成年人（22 名女性，年龄 19-39 岁）参与了为期 5 天的实验方案，其中包括 1 天的休息，66 小时的完全睡眠剥夺（最后一次测试在 60 小时），以及 2 晚的 8 小时恢复性睡眠。通过三个难度等级的算术任务（MATH）评估工作记忆，使用精神运动警觉任务（Psychomotor Vigilance Task）评估持续性注意力。算术准确性和 Psychomotor Vigilance Task 中位数反应时间测量客观表现，使用自我报告的准确性和速度测量主观表现。客观-主观差异评估自我监测能力。在完全睡眠剥夺期间，两项任务的表现均下降，而在恢复后则有所改善。在完全睡眠剥夺期间，参与者在 Psychomotor Vigilance Task 上准确地自我监测了表现；然而，他们在 MATH 上高估了认知缺陷，报告的表现比实际观察到的更差。在恢复后，参与者高估了 Psychomotor Vigilance Task 上表现改善的程度。任务难度影响自我监测能力，随着难度的增加，在完全睡眠剥夺期间对表现缺陷的高估程度更大。主观困倦度仅在 Psychomotor Vigilance Task 的几个时间点预测了主观表现评分。在完全睡眠剥夺期间，工作记忆的自我表现监测能力受损，而在恢复性睡眠后，Psychomotor Vigilance Task 的自我表现监测能力受损，但其他方面的表现监测是准确的。在操作环境中制定自我监测策略，评估对表现的主观感知和主观困倦度，可能有助于减少与睡眠相关的损伤的后果。
