Douglas Hume B
Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Building, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, CANADA.
Zookeys. 2017 Feb 13(655):1-130. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.655.11894. eCollection 2017.
The prior genus-level classification of Cardiophorinae had never been assessed phylogenetically, and not revised since 1906. A phylogeny for Cardiophorinae and Negastriinae is inferred by Bayesian analyses of 163 adult morphological characters to revise the generic classification. Parsimony analysis is also performed to assess the sensitivity of the Bayesian results to the choice of optimality criterion. Bayesian hypothesis testing rejected monophyly for: Negastriinae; Cardiophorinae (but monophyletic after addition of four taxa); Cardiophorini; cardiophorine genera LeConte, 1853; Eschscholtz, 1829; Eschscholtz, 1829; Eschscholtz, 1836; Schwarz, 1895; Fleutiaux, 1931; Platia, 1994; Méquignon, 1931; Schwarz, 1906 (i.e., including Fleutiaux, 1903); Cobos, 1970, although well-supported alternative classifications were available for only some. Based on taxonomic interpretation of phylogenetic results: Nyctorini is of Cardiophorini; Fleutiaux, 1891 (Physodactylinae), Schwarz, 1903 (Physodactylinae), and Lesne, 1897 (Dendrometrinae) are transferred to Cardiophorinae. The following changes are proposed for cardiophorine genera: Eschscholtz, 1829 is redefined to exclude -like species; Wollaston, 1854 is subgenus of ; Brullé, 1832 and Fleutiaux, 1947, Gurjeva, 1966, Motschulsky, 1858, and Iablokoff-Khnzorian and Mardjanian, 1981 are placed at genus rank; Schwarz, 1895 is redefined based on North American and Eurasian species only; Candèze, 1860 redefined to include species with multiple apices on each side of their tarsal claws; Van Zwaluwenburg, 1953 is of LeConte, 1853; Fleutiaux, 1892 (Physodactylinae) is of Fleutiaux, 1891. The following new genera are described: (type species: Fairmaire and Germain, 1860); (type species: Fleutiaux, 1940); (type species: Horn, 1871, transferred from Negastriinae to Cardiophorinae). (), is of Eschscholtz, 1829. Generic reassignments to make , , , consistent with phylogenetically revised genus concepts resulted in 84 new combinations. Lectotypes are designated for 29 type species to fix generic concepts: Lucas, 1857; Fleutiaux, 1940; Abeille de Perrin, 1894; Candèze, 1875; Fleutiaux, 1895; Candèze, 1882; Candèze, 1860; Candèze, 1860; Erichson, 1840; Candèze, 1860; Fleutiaux, 1918; Schwarz, 1898; Herbst, 1784; Germar, 1817; Linnaeus, 1758; Fabricius, 1801; Horn, 1884; Eschscholtz, 1829; Schwarz, 1902; Fleutiaux, 1891; Candèze, 1860; LeConte, 1863; Fleutiaux, 1935; LeConte, 1853; Fleutiaux, 1931; Motschulsky, 1858; Fleutiaux, 1931; Candèze, 1860; Fleutiaux, 1903. A key to genera and diagnoses are provided for all genera and subgenera. A bibliographic synonymy includes references for all taxonomic changes to genera and new species through 2015.
心萤叶甲亚科之前的属级分类从未经过系统发育评估，自1906年以来也未修订。通过对163个成虫形态特征进行贝叶斯分析，推断心萤叶甲亚科和负萤叶甲亚科的系统发育，以修订属级分类。还进行了简约分析，以评估贝叶斯结果对最优性标准选择的敏感性。贝叶斯假设检验拒绝了以下类群的单系性：负萤叶甲亚科；心萤叶甲亚科（但加入四个类群后为单系）；心萤叶甲族；心萤叶甲亚科的属LeConte，1853；Eschscholtz，1829；Eschscholtz，1829；Eschscholtz，1836；Schwarz，1895；Fleutiaux，1931；Platia，1994；Méquignon，1931；Schwarz，1906（即包括Fleutiaux，1903）；Cobos，1970，不过只有部分有得到充分支持的替代分类。基于系统发育结果的分类学解释：夜萤叶甲族属于心萤叶甲族；Fleutiaux，1891（柄趾萤叶甲亚科）、Schwarz，1903（柄趾萤叶甲亚科）和Lesne，1897（树萤叶甲亚科）被转移到心萤叶甲亚科。心萤叶甲亚科的属提出了以下变化：重新定义Eschscholtz，1829以排除类似物种；Wollaston，1854是[某属]的亚属；将Brullé，1832、Fleutiaux，1947、Gurjeva，1966、Motschulsky，1858以及Iablokoff-Khnzorian和Mardjanian，1981提升为属级；仅基于北美和欧亚物种重新定义Schwarz，1895；重新定义Candèze，1860以包括跗爪两侧各有多个尖端的物种；Van Zwaluwenburg，1953是LeConte，1853的[某亚属或其他分类地位]；Fleutiaux，1892（柄趾萤叶甲亚科）是Fleutiaux，1891的[某亚属或其他分类地位]。描述了以下新属：[新属名1]（模式种：Fairmaire和Germain，1860）；[新属名2]（模式种：Fleutiaux，1940）；[新属名3]（模式种：Horn，1871，从负萤叶甲亚科转移到心萤叶甲亚科）。[新属名4]（[相关描述]），是Eschscholtz，1829的[某亚属或其他分类地位]。为使[某些属名]与系统发育修订后的属概念一致而进行的属重新分配产生了84个新组合。为29个模式种指定了选模标本以确定属概念：Lucas，1857；Fleutiaux，1940；Abeille de Perrin，1894；Candèze，1875；Fleutiaux，1895；Candèze，1882；Candèze，1860；Candèze，1860；Erichson，1840；Candèze，1860；Fleutiaux，1918；Schwarz，1898；Herbst，1784；Germar，1817；Linnaeus，1758；Fabricius，180；Horn，1884；Eschscholtz，1829；Schwarz，1902；Fleutiaux，1891；Candèze，1860；LeConte，1863；Fleutiaux，1935；LeConte，1853；Fleutiaux，1931；Motschulsky，1858；Fleutiaux，1931；Candèze，1860；Fleutiaux，1903。为所有属和亚属提供了属检索表和诊断。一个文献同义词表包括截至2015年所有属和新物种分类变化的参考文献。
