Weinberg Justine Lew, Flattery Jennifer, Harrison Robert
a Public Health Institute , Contractors to the California Department of Public Health , Richmond , CA , USA.
b California Department of Public Health , Richmond , CA , USA.
J Asthma. 2017 Dec;54(10):1041-1050. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1299755. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
Fragrance chemicals are used in a large array of products. Workers may be exposed to these chemicals in the workplace directly when used as air fresheners, or indirectly in personal care products used by coworkers or others. This study characterizes work-related asthma (WRA) cases associated with fragrance exposures in California workplaces from 1993 through 2012.
We used the California Work-Related Asthma Prevention Program's surveillance database to identify individuals with physician-diagnosed WRA associated with the use of air fresheners and scented personal care products (perfumes, colognes, etc.). Cases were classified using previously published, standardized surveillance methods.
Perfume was the ninth most common exposure identified from 1993 through 2012. A total of 270 WRA cases associated with fragrance exposure were reported during this period, representing 3.8% of all confirmed cases. These 270 cases included 242 associated with perfume or cologne, 32 associated with air freshener, and 4 associated with both. Similar to non-fragrance cases, nearly a quarter of fragrance-associated cases were classified as new-onset asthma. Fragrance-associated cases were significantly more likely to be in office, health, and education jobs than non-fragrance-associated cases. When compared to non-fragrance cases, fragrance cases were significantly more likely to be female (94% vs 62%) and be classified as having work-aggravated asthma (38% vs 20%), yet had similar outcomes compared with cases associated with other exposures.
Our surveillance data show that fragrance use in the workplace is associated with WRA. Prevention methods include employee education, enforced fragrance-free policies, well-designed ventilation systems, and good building maintenance.
香料化学物质被广泛应用于大量产品中。当用作空气清新剂时，工人可能在工作场所直接接触这些化学物质，或者通过同事或其他人使用的个人护理产品间接接触。本研究对1993年至2012年加利福尼亚工作场所与香料接触相关的职业性哮喘（WRA）病例进行了特征描述。
我们使用加利福尼亚职业性哮喘预防项目的监测数据库，来识别那些经医生诊断为与使用空气清新剂和有香味的个人护理产品（香水、古龙水等）相关的职业性哮喘患者。病例采用先前发表的标准化监测方法进行分类。
从1993年到2012年，香水是第九大最常见的接触源。在此期间，共报告了270例与香料接触相关的职业性哮喘病例，占所有确诊病例的3.8%。这270例病例包括242例与香水或古龙水相关、32例与空气清新剂相关以及4例与两者都相关。与非香料病例类似，近四分之一的香料相关病例被归类为新发哮喘。与非香料相关病例相比，香料相关病例在办公室、健康和教育行业工作的可能性显著更高。与非香料病例相比，香料病例女性比例显著更高（94%对62%），且被归类为工作加重型哮喘的比例更高（38%对20%），但与其他接触相关的病例相比，其结局相似。
我们的监测数据表明，工作场所使用香料与职业性哮喘有关。预防方法包括员工教育、强制实施无香料政策、精心设计的通风系统以及良好的建筑维护。
