Streifel Marissa A, Tobin Patrick C, Hunt Lucia, Nadel Hannah, Molongoski John J, Aukema Brian H
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Av., St. Paul, MN 55108 (
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, 123 Anderson Hall, 4000 15th Ave., NE, Seattle, WA 98195 (
Environ Entomol. 2017 Apr 1;46(2):403-412. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx041.
From a regulatory perspective, Asian gypsy moth is a species complex consisting of three species of Lymantria and two subspecies of Lymantria dispar (L.), differing from the European subspecies, L. dispar dispar (L.), by having consistently flight-capable females. As such, the invasion potential in North America is thought to exceed that of European gypsy moth. USDA-APHIS therefore has a monitoring program to detect Asian gypsy moth at high-risk introduction pathways. Molecular markers are used to improve the diagnosis of Asian gypsy moth. One such marker, which targets the FS1 locus, detects an allele, FS1-A, prevalent in Asian populations but occurring at low frequencies (3-6%) throughout the European gypsy moth's range in North America. However, some locales, such as Minnesota, exhibit elevated FS1-A frequencies. We studied the distribution of the FS1-A allele in northern Minnesota, 2013-2014, assessing spatial patterns in the distribution of the FS1-A allele using Moran's I and using spatial regression techniques to examine if the FS1-A allele was associated with putative movement pathways. We also used time series analysis to discern if temporal patterns in FS1-A or possible introduction events occurred. Our results indicated that FS1-A occurred randomly in space and time. We found no evidence that elevated FS1-A frequencies were associated with movement pathways or possible immigration events into this region over the two years. Elevated frequencies of the FS1-A allele within this region could be due to genetic drift and allelic surfing along the expanding population front, or to selection of physiological or behavioral traits.
从监管角度来看，亚洲舞毒蛾是一个物种复合体，由三种舞毒蛾属物种和舞毒蛾（Lymantria dispar (L.)）的两个亚种组成，与欧洲亚种舞毒蛾（L. dispar dispar (L.)）不同的是，其雌蛾始终具备飞行能力。因此，人们认为亚洲舞毒蛾在北美的入侵潜力超过欧洲舞毒蛾。美国农业部动植物卫生检验局（USDA - APHIS）因此制定了一项监测计划，以在高风险引入途径中检测亚洲舞毒蛾。分子标记被用于改进亚洲舞毒蛾的诊断。其中一个针对FS1基因座的标记，检测到一个等位基因FS1 - A，该等位基因在亚洲种群中普遍存在，但在北美欧洲舞毒蛾分布范围内的出现频率较低（3 - 6%）。然而，一些地区，如明尼苏达州，FS1 - A的频率较高。我们在2013 - 2014年研究了明尼苏达州北部FS1 - A等位基因的分布情况，使用莫兰指数（Moran's I）评估FS1 - A等位基因分布的空间格局，并使用空间回归技术来检验FS1 - A等位基因是否与假定的移动路径相关。我们还使用时间序列分析来识别FS1 - A的时间模式或可能的引入事件是否发生。我们的结果表明，FS1 - A在空间和时间上随机出现。我们没有发现证据表明在这两年中，FS1 - A频率升高与移动路径或可能进入该地区的迁入事件有关。该地区FS1 - A等位基因频率升高可能是由于遗传漂变和沿不断扩张的种群前沿的等位基因冲浪，或者是由于生理或行为特征的选择。
