Kranc W, Budna J, Kahan R, Chachuła A, Bryja A, Ciesiółka S, Borys S, Antosik M P, Bukowska D, Brussow K P, Bruska M, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Kempisty B
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017 Jan-Mar;31(1):1-8.
For normal folliculogenesis and oogenesis to occur many intrinsic and extrinsic factors are needed, i.e. positive feedback of hormone secretion and local ovarian-follicular growth factors distribution. During follicle formation, granulosa cells (GCs) change their morphology and physiological properties. The factors needed for GCs to differentiate within each layer are transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), as well as the activation and modification of biochemical pathways involved in folliculogenesis. Physiological alterations occur when GC genes are characterized by several differences in their gene expression profile. Studies in recent years indicate a variety of processes involved in follicle morphology and biochemical remodeling during growth and development. It was demonstrated that IGFs play a central role in the differentiation of GCs both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the primary role of FSH and LH in the formation of the ovarian follicle, was also described. Our review article characterizes the most important pathways involved in the differentiation of GCs and the effect of various factors on gene expression in GCs during folliculogenesis.
正常的卵泡发生和卵子发生需要许多内在和外在因素，即激素分泌的正反馈和局部卵巢卵泡生长因子的分布。在卵泡形成过程中，颗粒细胞（GCs）会改变其形态和生理特性。GCs在各层内分化所需的因素包括转化生长因子β（TGFB）和胰岛素样生长因子（IGF），以及卵泡发生过程中涉及的生化途径的激活和修饰。当GC基因在其基因表达谱中表现出若干差异时，就会发生生理改变。近年来的研究表明，在生长和发育过程中，卵泡形态和生化重塑涉及多种过程。已证明IGFs在体内和体外GCs的分化中都起着核心作用。此外，还描述了FSH和LH在卵巢卵泡形成中的主要作用。我们的综述文章阐述了卵泡发生过程中GCs分化所涉及的最重要途径以及各种因素对GCs基因表达的影响。
