Steinberg Nili, Waddington Gordon, Adams Roger, Karin Janet, Tirosh Oren
1 University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise and Wingate College.
2 University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise.
Motor Control. 2018 Jan 1;22(1):45-66. doi: 10.1123/mc.2016-0076. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
Postural balance (PB) is an important component skill for professional dancers. However, the effects of different types of postures and different underfoot surfaces on PB have not adequately been addressed.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different conditions of footwear, surfaces, and standing positions on static and dynamic PB ability of young ballet dancers.
A total of 36 male and female young professional ballet dancers (aged 14-19 years) completed static and dynamic balance testing, measured by head and lumbar accelerometers, while standing on one leg in the turnout position, under six different conditions: (1) "relaxed" posture; (2) "ballet" posture; (3) barefoot; (4) ballet shoes with textured insoles; (5) barefoot on a textured mat; and (6) barefoot on a spiky mat.
A condition effect was found for static and dynamic PB. Static PB was reduced when dancers stood in the ballet posture compared with standing in the relaxed posture and when standing on a textured mat and on a spiky mat (p < .05), and static PB in the relaxed posture was significantly better than PB in all the other five conditions tested. Dynamic PB was significantly better while standing in ballet shoes with textured insoles and when standing on a spiky mat compared with all other conditions (p < .05).
The practical implications derived from this study are that both male and female dancers should try to be relaxed in their postural muscles when practicing a ballet aligned position, including dance practice on different types of floors and on different types of textured/spiky materials may result in skill transfer to practice on normal floor surfaces, and both static and dynamic PB exercises should be assessed and generalized into practical dance routines.
姿势平衡（PB）是职业舞者的一项重要组成技能。然而，不同类型的姿势和不同的脚下表面对姿势平衡的影响尚未得到充分研究。
本研究的主要目的是调查不同的鞋类、表面和站立姿势条件对年轻芭蕾舞舞者静态和动态姿势平衡能力的影响。
共有36名年龄在14至19岁之间的男女年轻职业芭蕾舞舞者，在六种不同条件下，以开胯姿势单腿站立时，通过头部和腰部加速度计完成静态和动态平衡测试：（1）“放松”姿势；（2）“芭蕾”姿势；（3）赤脚；（4）带有纹理鞋垫的芭蕾舞鞋；（5）在有纹理的垫子上赤脚；（6）在带刺的垫子上赤脚。
发现静态和动态姿势平衡存在条件效应。与以放松姿势站立相比，舞者以芭蕾姿势站立时，以及在有纹理的垫子和带刺的垫子上站立时，静态姿势平衡降低（p < 0.05），且放松姿势下的静态姿势平衡明显优于其他所有测试的五种条件。与所有其他条件相比，穿着带有纹理鞋垫的芭蕾舞鞋站立时以及在带刺的垫子上站立时，动态姿势平衡明显更好（p < 0.05）。
本研究得出的实际意义是，男女舞者在练习芭蕾对齐姿势时，姿势肌肉都应尽量放松，包括在不同类型的地板上以及在不同类型的有纹理/带刺材料上进行舞蹈练习可能会导致技能转移到在正常地板表面上的练习，并且应评估静态和动态姿势平衡练习并将其纳入实际舞蹈套路中。
