Epstein L, Koch J, Riemer T, Haquin G, Orion I
Radiation Safety Division, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne 81800, Israel.
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Nov 1;176(3):264-268. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncx005.
The radiation dose to the population of Israel due to exposure to natural sources of ionizing radiation was assessed. The main contributor to the dose is radon that accounts for 60% of the exposure to natural sources. The dose due to radon inhalation was assessed by combining the results of a radon survey in single-family houses with the results of a survey in apartments in multi-storey buildings. The average annual dose due to radon inhalation was found to be 1.2 mSv. The dose rate due to exposure to cosmic radiation was assessed using a code that calculates the dose rate at different heights above sea level, taking into account the solar cycle. The annual dose was calculated based on the fraction of time spent indoors and the attenuation provided by buildings and was found to be 0.2 mSv. The annual dose due to external exposure to the terrestrial radionuclides was similarly assessed. The indoor dose rate was calculated using a model that takes into account the concentrations of the natural radionuclides in building materials, the density and the thickness of the walls. The dose rate outdoors was calculated based on the concentrations of the natural radionuclides in different geological units in Israel as measured in an aerial survey and measurements above ground. The annual dose was found to be 0.2 mSv. Doses due to internal exposure other than exposure to radon were also calculated and were found to be 0.4 mSv. The overall annual exposure of the population of Israel to natural sources of ionizing radiation is therefore 2 mSv and ranges between 1.7 and 2.7 mSv.
对以色列民众因接触天然电离辐射源而受到的辐射剂量进行了评估。剂量的主要贡献者是氡，它占天然源暴露量的60%。通过将独栋房屋氡调查结果与多层建筑公寓调查结果相结合，评估了吸入氡造成的剂量。发现吸入氡的年均剂量为1.2毫希沃特。利用一个代码评估了宇宙辐射暴露的剂量率，该代码考虑太阳周期计算不同海拔高度的剂量率。根据在室内停留的时间比例以及建筑物提供的衰减计算出年剂量为0.2毫希沃特。同样评估了陆地放射性核素外照射的年剂量。室内剂量率使用一个模型计算，该模型考虑了建筑材料中天然放射性核素的浓度、墙壁的密度和厚度。室外剂量率根据在航空调查和地面测量中测得的以色列不同地质单元中天然放射性核素的浓度计算得出。发现年剂量为0.2毫希沃特。还计算了除氡暴露外的内照射剂量，结果为0.4毫希沃特。因此，以色列民众对天然电离辐射源的总体年暴露量为2毫希沃特，范围在1.7至2.7毫希沃特之间。
