Cauda Franco, Costa Tommaso, Nani Andrea, Fava Luciano, Palermo Sara, Bianco Francesca, Duca Sergio, Tatu Karina, Keller Roberto
GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Autism Res. 2017 Jun;10(6):1079-1095. doi: 10.1002/aur.1759. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder (OCSD) are considered as three separate psychiatric conditions with, supposedly, different brain alterations patterns. From a neuroimaging perspective, this meta-analytic study aimed to address whether this nosographical differentiation is actually supported by different brain patterns of gray matter (GM) or white matter (WM) morphological alterations. We explored two possibilities: (a) to find out whether GM alterations are specific for SCZD, ASD, and OCSD; and (b) to associate the identified brain alteration patterns with cognitive dysfunctions by means of an analysis of lesion decoding. Our analysis reveals that these psychiatric spectra do not present clear distinctive patterns of alterations; rather, they all tend to be distributed in two alteration clusters. Cluster 1, which is more specific for SCZD, includes the anterior insular, anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and frontopolar areas, which are parts of the cognitive control system. Cluster 2, which is more specific for OCSD, presents occipital, temporal, and parietal alteration patterns with the involvement of sensorimotor, premotor, visual, and lingual areas, thus forming a network that is more associated with the auditory-visual, auditory, premotor visual somatic functions. In turn, ASD appears to be uniformly distributed in the two clusters. The three spectra share a significant set of alterations. Our new approach promises to provide insight into the understanding of psychiatric conditions under the aspect of a common neurobiological substrate, possibly related to neuroinflammation during brain development. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1079-1095. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
精神分裂症谱系障碍（SCZD）、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和强迫症谱系障碍（OCSD）被视为三种不同的精神疾病，据推测，它们具有不同的大脑改变模式。从神经影像学角度来看，这项荟萃分析研究旨在探讨这种疾病分类上的差异是否实际上由灰质（GM）或白质（WM）形态学改变的不同大脑模式所支持。我们探讨了两种可能性：（a）确定GM改变是否对SCZD、ASD和OCSD具有特异性；（b）通过病变解码分析将所识别的大脑改变模式与认知功能障碍联系起来。我们的分析表明，这些精神疾病谱系并没有呈现出明显独特的改变模式；相反，它们都倾向于分布在两个改变簇中。簇1对SCZD更具特异性，包括前岛叶、前扣带回皮质、腹内侧前额叶皮质和额极区域，这些都是认知控制系统的组成部分。簇2对OCSD更具特异性，呈现枕叶、颞叶和顶叶的改变模式，涉及感觉运动、运动前区、视觉和舌区，从而形成一个与听觉 - 视觉、听觉、运动前区视觉躯体功能更相关的网络。反过来，ASD似乎均匀地分布在这两个簇中。这三种谱系共享一组显著的改变。我们的新方法有望在共同神经生物学底物的层面上为理解精神疾病提供见解，这可能与大脑发育过程中的神经炎症有关。《自闭症研究》2017年。© 2017国际自闭症研究协会，威利期刊公司。《自闭症研究》2017年，10: 1079 - 1095。© 2017国际自闭症研究协会，威利期刊公司。
