Lee Joonhee, Choi Hong L
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 24;12(3):e0174747. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174747. eCollection 2017.
A well-managed chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization practice combined with treated swine slurry (TSS) is necessary to improve sustainability and N use efficiency in rice farming. However, little is known about the fate of N derived from chemical N fertilizer with and without TSS in paddy soil-plant systems. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the contribution of applied N fertilizer to N turnover in rice paddy soil with different N fertilization practices that were manipulated by the quantity of treated swine slurry and chemical N fertilizer (i.e., HTSS+LAS, a high amount of TSS with a low amount of ammonium sulfate; LTSS+HAS, a low amount of TSS with a high amount of ammonium sulfate; AS, ammonium sulfate with phosphorus and potassium; C, the control) and (2) to compare the rice response to applied N derived from each N fertilization practice. Rice biomass yield, 15N recovery in both rice grain and stems, soil total N (TN), soil inorganic N, and soil 15N recovery were analyzed. Similar amounts of 15N uptake by rice in the TSS+AS plots were obtained, indicating that the effects of the different quantities of TSS on chemical fertilizer N recovery in rice during the experimental period were not significant. The soil 15N recoveries of HTSS+LAS, LTSS+HAS, and AS in each soil layer were not significantly different. For the HTSS+LAS, LTSS+HAS and AS applications, total 15N recoveries were 42%, 43% and 54%, respectively. Because the effects of reducing the use of chemical N fertilizer were attributed to enhancing soil quality and cost-effectiveness, HTSS+LAS could be an appropriate N fertilization practice for improving the long-term sustainability of paddy soil-plant systems. However, N losses, especially through the coupled nitrification-denitrification process, can diminish the benefits that HTSS+LAS offers.
将化学氮肥施用与经处理的猪粪尿（TSS）相结合的良好管理措施，对于提高水稻种植的可持续性和氮素利用效率是必要的。然而，关于在稻田土壤 - 植物系统中，施用化学氮肥且有无TSS情况下氮素的去向，人们了解甚少。本研究的目的是：（1）通过由经处理的猪粪尿和化学氮肥的用量所操控的不同氮肥施用措施（即HTSS + LAS，大量TSS与少量硫酸铵；LTSS + HAS，少量TSS与大量硫酸铵；AS，含磷钾的硫酸铵；C，对照），来估算施用的氮肥对稻田土壤中氮素周转的贡献；（2）比较水稻对源自每种氮肥施用措施的施用氮的响应。分析了水稻生物量产量、水稻籽粒和茎杆中的15N回收率、土壤全氮（TN）、土壤无机氮以及土壤15N回收率。在TSS + AS小区中，水稻吸收的15N量相似，这表明在试验期间，不同数量的TSS对水稻中化肥氮回收率的影响不显著。各土层中HTSS + LAS、LTSS + HAS和AS的土壤15N回收率无显著差异。对于HTSS + LAS、LTSS + HAS和AS施用，总15N回收率分别为42%、43%和54%。由于减少化学氮肥使用的效果归因于提高土壤质量和成本效益，HTSS + LAS可能是一种合适的氮肥施用措施，有助于提高稻田土壤 - 植物系统的长期可持续性。然而，氮素损失，尤其是通过硝化 - 反硝化耦合过程造成的损失，可能会削弱HTSS + LAS所带来的益处。
