Ashfaq Muhammad, Akhtar Saleem, Rafi Muhammad Athar, Mansoor Shahid, Hebert Paul D N
Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 24;12(3):e0174749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174749. eCollection 2017.
Sequences from the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene are an effective tool for specimen identification and for the discovery of new species. The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) (www.boldsystems.org) currently hosts 4.5 million records from animals which have been assigned to more than 490,000 different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), which serve as a proxy for species. Because a fourth of these BINs derive from Lepidoptera, BOLD has a strong capability to both identify specimens in this order and to support studies of faunal overlap. DNA barcode sequences were obtained from 4503 moths from 329 sites across Pakistan, specimens that represented 981 BINs from 52 families. Among 379 species with a Linnaean name assignment, all were represented by a single BIN excepting five species that showed a BIN split. Less than half (44%) of the 981 BINs had counterparts in other countries; the remaining BINs were unique to Pakistan. Another 218 BINs of Lepidoptera from Pakistan were coupled with the 981 from this study before being compared with all 116,768 BINs for this order. As expected, faunal overlap was highest with India (21%), Sri Lanka (21%), United Arab Emirates (20%) and with other Asian nations (2.1%), but it was very low with other continents including Africa (0.6%), Europe (1.3%), Australia (0.6%), Oceania (1.0%), North America (0.1%), and South America (0.1%). This study indicates the way in which DNA barcoding facilitates measures of faunal overlap even when taxa have not been assigned to a Linnean species.
线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因的DNA条形码区域序列是用于标本鉴定和发现新物种的有效工具。生命条形码数据系统（BOLD）（www.boldsystems.org）目前拥有来自动物的450万条记录，这些记录已被分配到超过49万个不同的条形码索引号（BINs），这些索引号可作为物种的代理。由于这些BINs中有四分之一来自鳞翅目，BOLD在识别该目标本和支持动物区系重叠研究方面具有很强的能力。从巴基斯坦329个地点的4503只蛾子中获得了DNA条形码序列，这些标本代表了52个科的981个BINs。在379个有林奈命名的物种中，除了5个显示BIN分裂的物种外，所有物种都由单个BIN代表。981个BINs中不到一半（44%）在其他国家有对应物；其余的BINs是巴基斯坦独有的。在与该目所有116768个BINs进行比较之前，将来自巴基斯坦的另外218个鳞翅目BINs与本研究中的981个BINs进行了配对。正如预期的那样，与印度（21%）、斯里兰卡（21%）、阿拉伯联合酋长国（20%）和其他亚洲国家（2.1%）的动物区系重叠最高，但与其他大陆的重叠非常低，包括非洲（0.6%）、欧洲（1.3%）、澳大利亚（0.6%）、大洋洲（1.0%）、北美洲（0.1%）和南美洲（0.1%）。这项研究表明，即使在分类单元尚未被归入林奈物种的情况下，DNA条形码也有助于衡量动物区系的重叠。
