Poult Sci. 2017 Jun 1;96(6):1748-1758. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew449.
To evaluate the effect of dietary rapeseed meal (RM) supplementation on cecal trimethylamine and bacteria in laying hens with different flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) genotypes, a 3 × 2 2-factorial arrangement was employed using FMO3 genotypes (AA, AT, and TT) and dietary RM (0 and 14% of diet) as the main effects. At 50 wk of age, 36 hens of AT genotype and 36 hens of TT genotype were randomly allotted to one of the 2 dietary treatments, and each dietary treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 6 birds each. A total of 12 hens with AA genotype were allotted to one of the 2 dietary treatments that consisted of 3 replicates with 2 hens. Hens were fed 0% RM in a corn-soybean (SM) diet for one wk before the 6-week feeding trial period. Dietary RM supplementation increased trimethylamine (TMA) concentrations in both egg yolks (P < 0.0001) and cecal chyme (P < 0.0001). Dietary RM supplementation increased bacterial abundance and diversity (P < 0.0001). Weighted UniFrac, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling, and analysis of similarity (R-ANOSIM = 0.1516; P-value = 0.014) indicated distinct clustering was dependent on diets rather than FMO3 genotypes. Twenty-four phyla (most dominant, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) and 229 genera were identified in the cecal samples. Compared with the SM diets, RM diets increased the proportion of Firmicutes (P = 0.004), Proteobacteria (P = 0.006), and Firmicutes:Bacteroides (P = 0.001), and some low-abundance phyla (P < 0.01), whereas the abundance of Bacteroides was lower (P = 0.0002). The abundance of 42 genera varied with dietary types. Six phyla and 35 genera were positively correlated with TMA concentration in the cecal chyme. In conclusion, the major TMA-producing bacteria in cecal were from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. The major TMA-producing bacterial genera could be from the genera that positively correlated with TMA concentration.
为了评估饲粮菜籽油（RM）添加对不同黄素单加氧酶 3（FMO3）基因型母鸡盲肠中三甲胺和细菌的影响，采用 FMO3 基因型（AA、AT 和 TT）和饲粮 RM（0 和 14%的饲粮）作为主效应，进行了 3×2 2 因子安排。在 50 周龄时，36 只 AT 基因型母鸡和 36 只 TT 基因型母鸡被随机分配到 2 种饲粮处理中的 1 种，每个饲粮处理包含 3 个重复，每个重复有 6 只母鸡。总共 12 只 AA 基因型母鸡被分配到 2 种饲粮处理中的 1 种，每个处理包含 3 个重复，每个重复有 2 只母鸡。母鸡在 6 周的饲养试验前用玉米-豆粕（SM）饲粮喂饲 RM0%饲粮 1 周。饲粮 RM 添加增加了蛋黄（P < 0.0001）和盲肠食糜（P < 0.0001）中三甲胺（TMA）的浓度。饲粮 RM 添加增加了细菌的丰度和多样性（P < 0.0001）。加权 UniFrac、非度量多维尺度分析和相似性分析（R-ANOSIM=0.1516；P 值=0.014）表明，明显的聚类依赖于饲粮而不是 FMO3 基因型。在盲肠样本中鉴定出了 24 个门（最主要的是拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门）和 229 个属。与 SM 饲粮相比，RM 饲粮增加了厚壁菌门（P=0.004）、变形菌门（P=0.006）和厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门（P=0.001）的比例，以及一些低丰度的门（P < 0.01），而拟杆菌门的丰度较低（P=0.0002）。6 个门和 35 个属的丰度随饲粮类型而变化。6 个门和 35 个属与盲肠食糜中 TMA 浓度呈正相关。总之，盲肠中主要的 TMA 产生菌来自厚壁菌门和变形菌门。主要的 TMA 产生细菌属可能来自与 TMA 浓度呈正相关的属。
