Walugembe M, Hsieh J C F, Koszewski N J, Lamont S J, Persia M E, Rothschild M F
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
Poult Sci. 2015 Oct;94(10):2351-9. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev242. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding dietary fiber on cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and cecal microbiota of broiler and laying-hen chicks. The lower fiber diet was based on corn-soybean meal (SBM) and the higher fiber diet was formulated using corn-SBM-dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wheat bran to contain 60.0 g/kg of both DDGS and wheat bran from 1 to 12 d and 80.0 g/kg of both DDGS and wheat bran from 13 to 21 d. Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements. Broiler and laying-hen chicks were randomly assigned to the high and low fiber diets with 11 replicates of 8 chicks for each of the 4 treatments. One cecum from 3 chicks was collected from each replicate: one cecum underwent SCFA concentration analysis, one underwent bacterial DNA isolation for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), and the third cecum was used for metagenomics analyses. There were interactions between bird line and dietary fiber for acetic acid (P = 0.04) and total SCFA (P = 0.04) concentration. There was higher concentration of acetic acid (P = 0.02) and propionic acid (P < 0.01) in broiler chicks compared to laying-hen chicks. TRFLP analysis showed that cecal microbiota varied due to diet (P = 0.02) and chicken line (P = 0.03). Metagenomics analyses identified differences in the relative abundance of Helicobacter pullorum and Megamonas hypermegale and the genera Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides in different treatment groups. These results provide insights into the effect of dietary fiber on SCFA concentration and modulation of cecal microbiota in broiler and laying-hen chicks.
本实验旨在评估日粮纤维对肉仔鸡和蛋雏鸡盲肠短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度及盲肠微生物群的影响。低纤维日粮以玉米 - 豆粕（SBM）为基础，高纤维日粮则用玉米 - SBM - 干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）和麦麸配制而成，1至12日龄时DDGS和麦麸含量均为60.0 g/kg，13至21日龄时DDGS和麦麸含量均为80.0 g/kg。日粮配方满足或超过NRC营养需求。肉仔鸡和蛋雏鸡被随机分配到高纤维和低纤维日粮组，4种处理，每种处理11个重复，每个重复8只鸡。从每个重复的3只鸡中采集一个盲肠：一个盲肠用于SCFA浓度分析，一个用于细菌DNA分离以进行末端限制性片段长度多态性（TRFLP）分析，第三个盲肠用于宏基因组学分析。在乙酸（P = 0.04）和总SCFA（P = 0.04）浓度方面，鸡的品系与日粮纤维之间存在交互作用。与蛋雏鸡相比，肉仔鸡的乙酸浓度更高（P = 0.02），丙酸浓度更高（P < 0.01）。TRFLP分析表明，盲肠微生物群因日粮（P = 0.02）和鸡的品系（P = 0.03）而异。宏基因组学分析确定了不同处理组中幽门螺杆菌、巨巨单胞菌以及肠杆菌科、弯曲杆菌属、粪杆菌属和拟杆菌属相对丰度的差异。这些结果为日粮纤维对肉仔鸡和蛋雏鸡SCFA浓度及盲肠微生物群调节的影响提供了见解。
