Lovinger David M, Alvarez Veronica A
Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
Neuropharmacology. 2017 Aug 1;122:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.023. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
Brain circuits that include the cortex and basal ganglia make up the bulk of the forebrain, and influence behaviors related to almost all aspects of affective, cognitive and sensorimotor functions. The learning of new actions as well as association of existing action repertoires with environmental events are key functions of this circuitry. Unfortunately, the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry is also the target for all drugs of abuse, including alcohol. This makes the circuitry susceptible to the actions of chronic alcohol exposure that impairs circuit function in ways that contribute to cognitive dysfunction and drug use disorders. In the present review, we describe the connectivity and functions of the associative, limbic and sensorimotor cortico-basal ganglia circuits. We then review the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on circuit function. Finally, we review studies examining the roles of the different circuits and circuit elements in alcohol use and abuse. We attempt to synthesize information from a variety of studies in laboratory animals and humans to generate hypotheses about how the three circuits interact with each other and with the other brain circuits during exposure to alcohol and during the development of alcohol use disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
包括皮层和基底神经节在内的脑回路构成了前脑的主体，并影响与情感、认知和感觉运动功能几乎所有方面相关的行为。学习新动作以及将现有的动作库与环境事件联系起来是该回路的关键功能。不幸的是，皮质 - 基底神经节回路也是包括酒精在内的所有滥用药物的作用靶点。这使得该回路易受慢性酒精暴露的影响，慢性酒精暴露会以导致认知功能障碍和药物使用障碍的方式损害回路功能。在本综述中，我们描述了联合、边缘和感觉运动皮质 - 基底神经节回路的连接性和功能。然后我们回顾了急性和慢性酒精暴露对回路功能的影响。最后，我们回顾了研究不同回路和回路元件在酒精使用和滥用中的作用的研究。我们试图综合来自实验室动物和人类的各种研究信息，以提出关于在酒精暴露期间以及酒精使用障碍发展过程中这三个回路如何相互作用以及与其他脑回路相互作用的假设。本文是名为“酒精中毒”的特刊的一部分。
