Wienert Julian, Kuhlmann Tim, Fink Sebastian, Hambrecht Rainer, Lippke Sonia
Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.
Int J Behav Med. 2017 Dec;24(6):908-914. doi: 10.1007/s12529-017-9649-0.
The study investigated differences in motivational and volitional correlates of physical activity in persons who reported currently having hypertension, had hypertension in the past, or had no hypertension by using the health action process approach as a theoretical background.
Self-reported data from 512 participants (71.9% women; M = 46.83 years; SD = 13.77; M = 24.89; SD = 4.71) were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc comparisons of groups to determine differences in motivational and volitional correlates for physical activity between groups followed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Additionally, χ statistic was used to analyze differences in the distribution of behavioral stages between groups.
Participants with hypertension reported a higher perceived vulnerability (d = 0.99) and lower action planning (d = 0.32) and self-efficacy (d = 0.30) compared to those who indicated no hypertension. Their perceived vulnerability was also higher compared to those who indicated past hypertension on the mean level (d = 0.60). Significant main effects for all independent variables were found when controlling for gender and HAPA stages with main effects for perceived vulnerability, action planning, and self-efficacy. Participants with current hypertension were more prominent in the intender stage, whereas participants with past hypertension were more likely to be in the actor stage. Participants with no hypertension at all were equally distributed across the intender and actor stages.
The study contributes to the understanding of differences in motivational and volitional correlates of physical activity in persons who reported different hypertension statuses.
本研究以健康行动过程方法为理论背景，调查了目前患有高血压、过去患有高血压或无高血压人群在身体活动的动机和意志相关因素方面的差异。
对512名参与者（71.9%为女性；M = 46.83岁；SD = 13.77；M = 24.89；SD = 4.71）的自我报告数据进行多变量方差分析（MANOVA）、方差分析（ANOVA）以及组间事后比较，以确定各组之间身体活动的动机和意志相关因素的差异，随后进行协方差分析（ANCOVA）。此外，使用χ²统计量分析各组之间行为阶段分布的差异。
与无高血压者相比，患有高血压的参与者报告的感知易感性更高（d = 0.99），行动规划更低（d = 0.32），自我效能更低（d = 0.30）。与过去患有高血压者的平均水平相比，他们的感知易感性也更高（d = 0.60）。在控制性别和健康行动过程方法阶段后，发现所有自变量的显著主效应，包括感知易感性、行动规划和自我效能的主效应。目前患有高血压的参与者在意图阶段更为突出，而过去患有高血压的参与者更有可能处于行动者阶段。完全没有高血压的参与者在意图和行动者阶段分布均匀。
本研究有助于理解报告不同高血压状态的人群在身体活动的动机和意志相关因素方面的差异。
