Smout F, Schrieber L, Speare R, Skerratt L F
One Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2017 Nov;64(7):495-504. doi: 10.1111/zph.12354. Epub 2017 Mar 25.
The objective of this review was to identify and critique over forty years of peer-reviewed literature concerned with the transmission of canine zoonoses to Aboriginal people and determine the zoonotic organisms documented in dogs in Australian Aboriginal communities. A systematic literature search of public health, medical and veterinary databases identified 19 articles suitable for critical appraisal. Thirteen articles documented the occurrence of recognized zoonotic organisms in dogs in Aboriginal communities, including Toxocara canis, Dirofilaria immitis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Rickettsia felis, Sarcoptes scabiei and Giardia. Currently, there is definitive evidence indicating that dogs act as a reservoir for human scabies in Aboriginal communities. However, there is a need for large-scale, high-quality, comparative studies of dogs and humans from the same household to assess the occurrence and importance of transmission of S. scabiei and other diseases between dogs and humans. These studies should use current genetic and molecular techniques along with traditional techniques to identify and type organisms in order to better understand their epidemiology. This review has revealed that there is a lack of high-quality comparative studies to determine whether dogs are contributing to human disease by transmitting zoonoses. Our recommendations differ significantly from current public health policy and may have substantial implications for human and dog health.
本综述的目的是识别和评判四十多年来有关犬源性人畜共患病向原住民传播的同行评议文献，并确定澳大利亚原住民社区中狗身上记录的人畜共患病原体。对公共卫生、医学和兽医数据库进行的系统文献检索，确定了19篇适合进行批判性评估的文章。13篇文章记录了原住民社区中狗身上存在已确认的人畜共患病原体，包括犬弓首蛔虫、犬恶丝虫、停乳链球菌、猫立克次体、疥螨和贾第虫。目前，有确凿证据表明，在原住民社区中，狗是人类疥疮的宿主。然而，需要对来自同一家庭的狗和人进行大规模、高质量的比较研究，以评估疥螨和其他疾病在狗和人之间传播的发生率及重要性。这些研究应采用当前的遗传和分子技术以及传统技术来识别病原体并进行分型，以便更好地了解其流行病学。本综述表明，缺乏高质量的比较研究来确定狗是否通过传播人畜共患病导致人类疾病。我们的建议与当前的公共卫生政策有很大不同，可能对人类和狗的健康产生重大影响。
