Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jun;100(6):4197-4212. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-12224. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
Dairy product consumption is often associated with negative effects because of its naturally high levels of saturated fatty acids. However, recent research has shown that dairy lipids possess putative bioactivity against chronic inflammation. Inflammation triggers the onset of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer. This review discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of dairy lipids found in milk, yogurt, and cheese, and it examines them in relation to their implications for human health: their protective effects and their role in pathology. We also consider the effect of lipid profile alteration in dairy products-by using ruminant dietary strategies to enrich the milk, or by lipid fortification in the products. We critically review the in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, and epidemiological studies associated with these dairy lipids and their role in various inflammatory conditions. Finally, we discuss some suggestions for future research in the study of bioactive lipids and dairy products, with reference to the novel field of metabolomics and epidemiological studies.
乳制品的消费通常与负面效应相关，这是由于其天然存在的高水平饱和脂肪酸。然而，最近的研究表明，乳脂具有针对慢性炎症的潜在生物活性。炎症会引发多种慢性疾病，包括心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、肥胖症和癌症。本综述讨论了牛奶、酸奶和奶酪中发现的乳脂的抗炎特性，并研究了它们对人类健康的影响：它们的保护作用及其在发病机制中的作用。我们还考虑了通过使用反刍动物饲养策略来丰富牛奶，或者通过在产品中添加脂质来改变乳制品中脂质谱的影响。我们批判性地回顾了与这些乳脂及其在各种炎症条件下的作用相关的体内、体外、离体和流行病学研究。最后，我们讨论了一些关于生物活性脂质和乳制品研究的未来研究建议，参考了代谢组学和流行病学研究这一新兴领域。
