Crichton Georgina E, Alkerwi Ala'a
Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Strassen, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Strassen, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Nutr Res. 2014 Dec;34(12):1036-44. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 Apr 12.
Conflicting findings have been reported about dairy food consumption and risk for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, few studies have examined dairy food intake in relation to cardiovascular health and the incorporation of lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. This study examined whether dairy food consumption was associated with cardiovascular health, recently defined by the American Heart Association. Data were analyzed from 1352 participants from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg survey. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to measure intakes of milk, yogurt, cheese, dairy desserts, ice cream, and butter. Seven cardiovascular health metrics were assessed: smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. A total cardiovascular health score (CHS) was determined by summing the total number of health metrics at ideal levels. It was hypothesized that greater dairy food consumption (both low fat and whole fat) would be associated with better global cardiovascular health, as indicated by a higher CHS. Total dairy food intake was positively associated with the CHS. Higher intakes of whole fat milk, yogurt, and cheese were associated with better cardiovascular health. Even when controlling for demographic and dietary variables, those who consumed at least 5 servings per week of these dairy products had a significantly higher CHS than those who consumed these products less frequently. Higher total whole fat dairy food intake was also associated with other positive health behaviors, including being a nonsmoker, consuming the suggested dietary intakes of recommended foods, and having a normal body mass index. Increased dairy food consumption was associated with better cardiovascular health.
关于乳制品消费与心血管疾病风险的研究结果相互矛盾。此外，很少有研究探讨乳制品摄入量与心血管健康以及饮食和体育活动等生活方式因素之间的关系。本研究调查了乳制品消费是否与美国心脏协会最近定义的心血管健康相关。对来自卢森堡心血管危险因素观察调查的1352名参与者的数据进行了分析。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷来测量牛奶、酸奶、奶酪、奶制甜点、冰淇淋和黄油的摄入量。评估了七项心血管健康指标：吸烟、体重指数、体育活动、饮食、总胆固醇、血压和空腹血糖。通过将处于理想水平的健康指标总数相加来确定总心血管健康评分（CHS）。假设更多的乳制品消费（包括低脂和全脂）将与更好的整体心血管健康相关，如更高的CHS所示。总乳制品摄入量与CHS呈正相关。全脂牛奶、酸奶和奶酪的摄入量较高与更好的心血管健康相关。即使在控制了人口统计学和饮食变量后，每周至少食用5份这些乳制品的人比食用频率较低的人CHS显著更高。较高的全脂乳制品总摄入量也与其他积极的健康行为相关，包括不吸烟、摄入建议的推荐食物量以及体重指数正常。乳制品消费增加与更好的心血管健康相关。
