Abdullah Mohammad M H, Cyr Audrey, Lépine Marie-Claude, Labonté Marie-Ève, Couture Patrick, Jones Peter J H, Lamarche Benoît
Department of Human Nutritional Sciences,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,MB,CanadaR3T 6C5.
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University,2440, Boulevard Hochelaga,Québec,QC,CanadaG1V 0A6.
Br J Nutr. 2015 Feb 14;113(3):435-44. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514003894. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
Dairy products are rich sources of an array of fatty acids (FA) that have been shown individually and in certain clusters to exert varying effects on cardiovascular health, for which the circulating lipid profile is a powerful biomarker. Whether the profile of these FA is reflected in blood upon short terms of intake, possibly contributing to the lipid-related health impacts of dairy products, remains to be fully established. The objectives of the present study were to assess a recommended dairy product consumption in relation to circulating FA and lipid profiles, and to evaluate certain FA in dairy fat as potential biomarkers of intake. In a free-living, multi-centre, cross-over design, 124 healthy individuals consumed 3 servings/d of commercial dairy (DAIRY; 1% fat milk, 1·5% fat yogurt and 34% fat cheese) or energy-equivalent control (CONTROL; fruit and vegetable juice, cashews and a cookie) products for 4 weeks each, separated by a 4-week washout period. Plasma FA and serum lipid profiles were assessed by standard methods at the end of each dietary phase. After 4 weeks of intake, plasma levels of FA pentadecanoic acid (15 : 0) and heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) were higher (0·26 v. 0·22% and 0·42 v. 0·39% of the total identified FA, respectively) after the DAIRY phase than after the CONTROL phase (P< 0·0001). This was accompanied by a small but significant increase in serum LDL-cholesterol levels after the DAIRY phase compared with the CONTROL phase (+0·08 mmol/l; P= 0·04). In conclusion, intake of 3 servings/d of conventional dairy products may modify certain circulating FA and lipid profiles within 4 weeks, where 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 may be potential short-term biomarkers of intake.
乳制品是多种脂肪酸（FA）的丰富来源，这些脂肪酸已被证明，无论是单独还是以某些组合形式，都会对心血管健康产生不同影响，而循环脂质谱是一种强大的生物标志物。短期内摄入这些脂肪酸后，其在血液中的特征是否会有所体现，进而可能对乳制品的脂质相关健康影响产生作用，仍有待充分证实。本研究的目的是评估推荐的乳制品摄入量与循环脂肪酸和脂质谱的关系，并评估乳脂肪中的某些脂肪酸作为摄入量潜在生物标志物的情况。在一项自由生活、多中心、交叉设计的研究中，124名健康个体分别连续4周每天食用3份市售乳制品（DAIRY组；1%脂肪含量的牛奶、1.5%脂肪含量的酸奶和34%脂肪含量的奶酪）或能量相当的对照产品（CONTROL组；果汁、腰果和饼干），两组之间有4周的洗脱期。在每个饮食阶段结束时，通过标准方法评估血浆脂肪酸和血清脂质谱。摄入4周后，DAIRY阶段后血浆中十五烷酸（15:0）和十七烷酸（17:0）的水平高于CONTROL阶段（分别占总鉴定脂肪酸的0.26%对0.22%和0.42%对0.39%）（P<0.0001）。与CONTROL阶段相比，DAIRY阶段后血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有小幅但显著升高（+0.08 mmol/l；P = 0.04）。总之，每天摄入3份传统乳制品可能在4周内改变某些循环脂肪酸和脂质谱，其中15:0和17:0可能是摄入量的潜在短期生物标志物。
