Kumar Ashutosh, Pareek Vikas, Faiq Muneeb A, Kumar Pavan, Raza Khursheed, Prasoon Pranav, Dantham Subrahamanyam, Mochan Sankat
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Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul 26;28(6):649-673. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0031.
Nerve growth factors (NGFs), especially the prototype NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have a diverse array of functions in the central nervous system through their peculiar set of receptors and intricate signaling. They are implicated not only in the development of the nervous system but also in regulation of neurocognitive functions like learning, memory, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Evidence even suggests their role in continued neurogenesis and experience-dependent neural network remodeling in adult brain. They have also been associated extensively with brain disorders characterized by neurocognitive dysfunction. In the present article, we aimed to make an exhaustive review of literature to get a comprehensive view on the role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions in health and disease. Starting with historical perspective, distribution in adult brain, implied molecular mechanisms, and developmental basis, this article further provides a detailed account of NGFs' role in specified neurocognitive functions. Furthermore, it discusses plausible NGF-based homeostatic and adaptation mechanisms operating in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders and has presents a survey of such disorders. Finally, it elaborates on current evidence and future possibilities in therapeutic applications of NGFs with an emphasis on recent research updates in drug delivery mechanisms. Conclusive remarks of the article make a strong case for plausible role of NGFs in comprehensive regulation of the neurocognitive functions and pathogenesis of related disorders and advocate that future research should be directed to explore use of NGF-based mechanisms in the prevention of implicated diseases as well as to target these molecules pharmacologically.
神经生长因子（NGFs），尤其是原型神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF），通过其独特的受体组和复杂的信号传导在中枢神经系统中具有多种功能。它们不仅与神经系统的发育有关，还与学习、记忆、突触传递和可塑性等神经认知功能的调节有关。甚至有证据表明它们在成人大脑中持续的神经发生和经验依赖性神经网络重塑中发挥作用。它们还与以神经认知功能障碍为特征的脑部疾病广泛相关。在本文中，我们旨在对文献进行详尽的综述，以全面了解神经生长因子在健康和疾病状态下神经认知功能中的作用。本文从历史角度、在成人大脑中的分布、潜在的分子机制和发育基础入手，进一步详细阐述了神经生长因子在特定神经认知功能中的作用。此外，它讨论了在神经认知障碍发病机制中起作用的基于神经生长因子的可能的稳态和适应机制，并对这类疾病进行了概述。最后，它详细阐述了神经生长因子治疗应用的当前证据和未来可能性，重点介绍了药物递送机制的最新研究进展。文章的结论有力地证明了神经生长因子在神经认知功能的全面调节和相关疾病发病机制中的合理作用，并主张未来的研究应致力于探索利用基于神经生长因子的机制预防相关疾病，以及对这些分子进行药理学靶向治疗。
