Harvey Hugh, deSouza Nandita M
Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, UK.
J Clin Urol. 2016 Dec;9(2 Suppl):11-17. doi: 10.1177/2051415816656120. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are key imaging modalities in prostate cancer diagnosis. MRI offers a range of intrinsic contrast mechanisms (T2, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS)) and extrinsic contrast-generating options based on tumour vascular state following injection of weakly paramagnetic agents such as gadolinium. Together these parameters are referred to as multiparametric (mp)MRI and are used for detecting and guiding biopsy and staging prostate cancer. Although sensitivity of mpMRI is <75% for disease detection, specificity is >90% and a standardised reporting system together with MR-guided targeted biopsy is the optimal diagnostic pathway. Shear wave ultrasound elastography is a new technique which also holds promise for future studies. This article describes the developments in imaging the primary site of prostate cancer and reviews their current and future utility for screening, diagnosis and T-staging the disease.
超声和磁共振成像（MRI）是前列腺癌诊断中的关键成像方式。MRI提供了一系列内在对比机制（T2、扩散加权成像（DWI）、磁共振波谱（MRS））以及基于注射钆等弱顺磁性剂后肿瘤血管状态的外在对比生成选项。这些参数共同被称为多参数（mp）MRI，用于检测和引导前列腺癌活检及分期。尽管mpMRI对疾病检测的敏感性小于75%，但其特异性大于90%，标准化报告系统以及磁共振引导下的靶向活检是最佳诊断途径。剪切波超声弹性成像作为一项新技术，在未来研究中也颇具前景。本文描述了前列腺癌原发部位成像的进展，并综述了其在疾病筛查、诊断及T分期方面的当前和未来应用。
