Yuzal Hendri, Kim Karl, Pant Pradip, Yamashita Eric
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
J Emerg Manag. 2017 Jan/Feb;15(1):49-61. doi: 10.5055/jem.2017.0312.
Indonesia, a country of more than 17,000 islands, is exposed to many hazards. A magnitude 9.1 earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, on December 26, 2004. It triggered a series of tsunami waves that spread across the Indian Ocean causing damage in 11 countries. Banda Aceh, the capital city of Aceh Province, was among the most damaged. More than 31,000 people were killed. At the time, there were no early warning systems nor evacuation buildings that could provide safe refuge for residents. Since then, four tsunami evacuation buildings (TEBs) have been constructed in the Meuraxa subdistrict of Banda Aceh. Based on analysis of evacuation routes and travel times, the capacity of existing TEBs is examined. Existing TEBs would not be able to shelter all of the at-risk population. In this study, additional buildings and locations for TEBs are proposed and residents are assigned to the closest TEBs. While TEBs may be part of a larger system of tsunami mitigation efforts, other strategies and approaches need to be considered. In addition to TEBs, robust detection, warning and alert systems, land use planning, training, exercises, and other preparedness strategies are essential to tsunami risk reduction.
印度尼西亚是一个由一万七千多个岛屿组成的国家，面临着诸多灾害。2004年12月26日，苏门答腊岛海岸外发生了9.1级地震。地震引发了一系列海啸波，这些海啸波席卷了印度洋，对11个国家造成了破坏。亚齐省首府班达亚齐是受灾最严重的地区之一。超过3.1万人丧生。当时，既没有早期预警系统，也没有能为居民提供安全避难所的疏散建筑。从那时起，在班达亚齐的默拉卡分区建造了四座海啸疏散建筑（TEB）。基于对疏散路线和出行时间的分析，对现有海啸疏散建筑的容量进行了研究。现有的海啸疏散建筑无法容纳所有高危人群。在本研究中，提出了额外的海啸疏散建筑及选址，并将居民分配到最近的海啸疏散建筑。虽然海啸疏散建筑可能是更大规模海啸减灾努力系统的一部分，但还需要考虑其他策略和方法。除了海啸疏散建筑，强大的探测、预警和警报系统、土地利用规划、培训、演习以及其他备灾策略对于降低海啸风险至关重要。
