MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Feb 3;55(4):93-7.
On December 26, 2004, an earthquake measuring 9.2 on the Richter scale off the northwest coast of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, produced a tsunami that caused the deaths of an estimated 230,000 persons in India, Indonesia, the Maldives, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The majority of casualties were in Aceh Province (population 4.5 million) in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, where an estimated 130,000 persons died. In addition, 500,000 persons were displaced from their homes, and 37,000 remain unaccounted for in the province. In the Aceh Province districts of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, an estimated 90,000 persons died; approximately 75% of health workers in Banda Aceh either died or were displaced from their homes. On March 28, 2005, a second major earthquake, measuring 8.7 on the Richter scale, caused large-scale damage to the islands of Simeulue and Nias off the western Sumatra coast; approximately 300 persons died, and thousands were displaced. The international community responded to these events with the largest relief measures ever undertaken for a natural disaster. To determine the health and nutrition status of the affected populations and to evaluate the effectiveness of relief interventions 7 months after the tsunami and 3 months after the second earthquake, Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. (CARE) International Indonesia and CDC conducted surveys in three districts of Aceh Province (Aceh Besar, Banda Aceh, and Simeulue). This report summarizes the results of those surveys, which identified routine vaccinations and provision of toilets or latrines as particular areas for improvement and revealed no significant difference in health indicators between internally displaced persons (IDPs) and nondisplaced populations. The relief response in Aceh Province should target areas needing improvement with programs that serve both IDPs and nondisplaced persons, as measures are implemented to rebuild the public health infrastructure.
2004年12月26日，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西北海岸发生里氏9.2级地震，引发海啸，导致印度、印度尼西亚、马尔代夫、索马里、斯里兰卡和泰国约23万人死亡。大多数伤亡人员位于印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛北部的亚齐省（人口450万），该省估计有13万人死亡。此外，50万人被迫离开家园，该省仍有3.7万人下落不明。在亚齐省的班达亚齐和大亚齐地区，估计有9万人死亡；班达亚齐约75%的卫生工作者死亡或被迫离开家园。2005年3月28日，发生了里氏8.7级的第二次大地震，对苏门答腊岛西海岸的锡默卢岛和尼亚斯岛造成了大规模破坏；约300人死亡，数千人被迫离开家园。国际社会对这些事件做出了回应，采取了有史以来规模最大的自然灾害救援措施。为了确定受影响人群的健康和营养状况，并评估海啸发生7个月及第二次地震发生3个月后救援干预措施的效果，国际关爱组织印度尼西亚分部和美国疾病控制与预防中心在亚齐省的三个地区（大亚齐、班达亚齐和锡默卢）开展了调查。本报告总结了这些调查的结果，调查确定常规疫苗接种以及提供厕所或旱厕是特别需要改进的领域，并且发现境内流离失所者与未流离失所人群的健康指标没有显著差异。随着重建公共卫生基础设施措施的实施，亚齐省的救援应对措施应针对需要改进的领域，制定同时惠及境内流离失所者和未流离失所者的项目。
