Department of Women's & Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Sleep Health. 2017 Apr;3(2):77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.02.001. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
To examine, in a nationwide sample of New Zealand adolescents, self-reported sleep hygiene, and specifically evening technology and caffeine use, and body mass index, in relation to sleep quality.
Cross-sectional survey.
A total of 692 adolescents (59% girls), predominantly European (78%), with an average age of 16 years 9 months were recruited through schools, community advertising, and social media.
All participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale online, and questions about their height, weight, evening technology use, and caffeine consumption.
Fifty-six percent of adolescents had poor sleep quality with a higher prevalence in girls (63.1%) than in boys (44.5%), and sleep hygiene (Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale) was significantly worse in girls. Caffeine after dinner was associated with increased adjusted odds of a poorer score for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-evaluated daytime dysfunction (P=.002). A higher proportion of girls drank hot caffeinated drinks (51.8%) after dinner than did boys (38.1%), and although more boys (12.1% vs 9.2%) drank energy drinks, the difference was not significant. A 1-hour increase in evening technology time increased the odds of poor sleep efficiency by 20% (P=.04). A 1-zscore increase in body mass index resulted in a 38% higher adjusted odds of poor sleep efficiency (P=.015) and 21% higher adjusted odds of long sleep latency (P=.032).
The findings highlight gender differences in sleep quality and some presleep behaviors of New Zealand youth, and support the role for good sleep hygiene practices to promote healthy sleep in adolescents.
在新西兰青少年的全国样本中，检查自我报告的睡眠卫生情况，特别是夜间使用技术和咖啡因的情况以及身体质量指数（BMI）与睡眠质量的关系。
横断面调查。
共有 692 名青少年（59%为女性），主要为欧洲裔（78%），平均年龄为 16 岁 9 个月，通过学校、社区广告和社交媒体招募。
所有参与者均在线完成匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index）和青少年睡眠卫生量表（Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale），并回答有关其身高、体重、夜间技术使用和咖啡因摄入的问题。
56%的青少年睡眠质量较差，其中女生（63.1%）的发生率高于男生（44.5%），且女生的睡眠卫生（青少年睡眠卫生量表）明显较差。晚餐后摄入咖啡因与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评估的日间功能障碍评分较差的调整后比值比增加相关（P=.002）。晚餐后，女孩喝热含咖啡因饮料的比例（51.8%）高于男孩（38.1%），尽管男孩喝能量饮料的比例（12.1%比 9.2%）更高，但差异无统计学意义。晚上使用技术的时间增加 1 小时，睡眠效率不佳的几率增加 20%（P=.04）。BMI 增加 1 个 z 评分，睡眠效率不佳的调整后比值比增加 38%（P=.015），睡眠潜伏期长的调整后比值比增加 21%（P=.032）。
这些发现突出了新西兰青少年睡眠质量和一些睡前行为的性别差异，并支持良好的睡眠卫生习惯在促进青少年健康睡眠方面的作用。
