Waterworth Samantha C, Jiwaji Meesbah, Kalinski Jarmo-Charles J, Parker-Nance Shirley, Dorrington Rosemary A
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa.
Elwandle Coastal Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Port Elizabeth 6001, South Africa.
Mar Drugs. 2017 Mar 25;15(4):95. doi: 10.3390/md15040095.
Sponges are important sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. These compounds are frequently synthesized by bacterial symbionts, which may be recruited from the surrounding seawater or transferred to the sponge progeny by the parent. In this study, we investigated the bacterial communities associated with the sponge Samaai and Gibbons 2005. Sponge specimens were collected from Evans Peak and RIY Banks reefs in Algoa Bay, South Africa and taxonomically identified by spicule analysis and molecular barcoding. Crude chemical extracts generated from individual sponges were profiled by ultraviolet high performance liquid chromatography (UV-HPLC) and subjected to bioactivity assays in mammalian cells. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was used to characterize sponge-associated bacterial communities. sponges collected from the two locations were morphologically and genetically indistinguishable. hemical extracts from sponges collected at RIY banks showed mild inhibition of the metabolic activity of mammalian cells and their UV-HPLC profiles were distinct from those of sponges collected at Evans Peak. Similarly, the bacterial communities associated with sponges from the two locations were distinct with evidence of vertical transmission of symbionts from the sponge parent to its embryos. We conclude that these distinct bacterial communities may be responsible for the differences observed in the chemical profiles of the two Algoa Bay Samaai and Gibbons 2005 populations.
海绵是生物活性次生代谢产物的重要来源。这些化合物通常由细菌共生体合成，这些共生体可能是从周围海水中获取的，或者由母体传递给海绵后代。在本研究中，我们调查了与2005年的萨马伊海绵和吉本斯海绵相关的细菌群落。海绵标本采集于南非阿尔戈阿湾的埃文斯峰和RIY岸礁，并通过骨针分析和分子条形码进行分类鉴定。对单个海绵产生的粗化学提取物进行紫外高效液相色谱（UV-HPLC）分析，并在哺乳动物细胞中进行生物活性测定。利用16S rRNA基因序列的下一代测序分析来表征与海绵相关的细菌群落。从这两个地点采集的海绵在形态和基因上无法区分。从RIY岸采集的海绵的化学提取物对哺乳动物细胞的代谢活性有轻微抑制作用，其UV-HPLC图谱与在埃文斯峰采集的海绵不同。同样，与来自这两个地点的海绵相关的细菌群落也不同，有证据表明共生体从海绵母体垂直传递到其胚胎。我们得出结论，这些不同的细菌群落可能是导致在两个阿尔戈阿湾2005年的萨马伊海绵和吉本斯海绵种群化学图谱中观察到差异的原因。
