German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry und Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Sep 1;593-594:337-346. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.156. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
Air pollution, traffic noise and noise annoyance are suggested to be associated with hypertension and blood pressure (BP); however, the evidence remains inconsistent. Our study examined the long-term associations of modeled and self-reported measures of air pollution and traffic noise on prevalent hypertension and BP. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 2552 participants aged 31-72years from the KORA F4 (2006-2008) study conducted in the region of Augsburg, Germany. Land-use regression models were used to estimate residential long-term exposure to particulate matter <2.5μm (PM), soot content of PM (PMabs) and nitrogen dioxide (NO). Road traffic noise levels at the facade of the dwellings were estimated for the participants' residences. Participants filled-in a questionnaire on noise annoyance and heavy traffic passing their residence. Linear and logistic regression models adjusting for confounders were used to assess the association between exposure measures and hypertension and BP. An interquartile increase in annual mean PM (1μg/m) was significantly associated with 15% higher prevalence of hypertension, without (95% CI: 2.5; 28.0%) and with (95% CI: 0.7; 30.8%) adjustment for traffic noise. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was associated with air pollutants and traffic noise with percent increases in mean of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.2; 1.2), 0.6 (95% CI: 0.1; 1.1) and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.0; 0.7) for an interquartile increase in PM (1μg/m) and PMabs (0.2∗10/m), and 5dB(A) increase in 24-hour road traffic noise, respectively. Associations of PMabs and NO with hypertension or DBP were stronger in men and diabetic individuals. No clear associations were seen with systolic BP or noise annoyance. In conclusion, self-reported measures of air pollution or noise did not perform better than the objective measures. Our findings provide further evidence for a link between air pollution, noise and cardiovascular disease and indicate a stronger association for men and diabetic individuals.
空气污染、交通噪音和噪音烦恼被认为与高血压和血压（BP）有关；然而，证据仍然不一致。我们的研究检查了模型化和自我报告的空气污染和交通噪音测量值与高血压和 BP 的长期关联。我们分析了来自德国奥格斯堡地区 KORA F4（2006-2008 年）研究的 2552 名 31-72 岁参与者的横断面数据。使用土地利用回归模型来估计居民长期暴露于小于 2.5μm（PM）的颗粒物、PM 的 soot 含量（PMabs）和二氧化氮（NO）。估计了参与者住所的住宅外墙道路交通噪音水平。参与者填写了一份关于噪音烦恼和重型车辆经过其住所的问卷。使用调整混杂因素的线性和逻辑回归模型来评估暴露测量值与高血压和 BP 的关联。每年平均 PM（1μg/m）的四分位距增加与高血压的患病率增加 15%显著相关，不考虑（95%CI：2.5；28.0%）和考虑交通噪音（95%CI：0.7；30.8%）。舒张压（DBP）与空气污染物和交通噪音相关，PM（1μg/m）的四分位距增加 0.7（95%CI：0.2；1.2）、PMabs（0.2∗10/m）增加 0.6（95%CI：0.1；1.1）和 24 小时道路交通噪声增加 0.3（95%CI：0.0；0.7），分别增加 5dB（A）。PMabs 和 NO 与高血压或 DBP 的关联在男性和糖尿病患者中更强。与收缩压或噪音烦恼没有明显关联。总之，自我报告的空气污染或噪音测量值并不比客观测量值表现更好。我们的研究结果提供了空气污染、噪音与心血管疾病之间存在关联的进一步证据，并表明男性和糖尿病患者的关联更强。
