Karoyo Abdalla H, Wilson Lee D
Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2015 Jun 4;5(2):981-1003. doi: 10.3390/nano5020981.
Recent efforts have been directed towards the design of efficient and contaminant selective remediation technology for the removal of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from soils, sediments, and aquatic environments. While there is a general consensus on adsorption-based processes as the most suitable methodology for the removal of PFCs from aquatic environments, challenges exist regarding the optimal materials design of sorbents for selective uptake of PFCs. This article reviews the sorptive uptake of PFCs using cyclodextrin (CD)-based polymer adsorbents with nano- to micron-sized structural attributes. The relationship between synthesis of adsorbent materials and their structure relate to the overall sorption properties. Hence, the adsorptive uptake properties of CD-based molecularly imprinted polymers (CD-MIPs) are reviewed and compared with conventional MIPs. Further comparison is made with non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) that are based on cross-linking of pre-polymer units such as chitosan with epichlorohydrin in the absence of a molecular template. In general, MIPs offer the advantage of selectivity, chemical tunability, high stability and mechanical strength, ease of regeneration, and overall lower cost compared to NIPs. In particular, CD-MIPs offer the added advantage of possessing multiple binding sites with unique physicochemical properties such as tunable surface properties and morphology that may vary considerably. This mini-review provides a rationale for the design of unique polymer adsorbent materials that employ an intrinsic porogen via incorporation of a macrocyclic compound in the polymer framework to afford adsorbent materials with tunable physicochemical properties and unique nanostructure properties.
最近的研究致力于设计高效且具有污染物选择性的修复技术，用于从土壤、沉积物和水生环境中去除全氟化合物（PFCs）。虽然基于吸附的工艺被普遍认为是从水生环境中去除PFCs最合适的方法，但在用于选择性吸附PFCs的吸附剂的最佳材料设计方面仍存在挑战。本文综述了使用具有纳米至微米级结构特征的基于环糊精（CD）的聚合物吸附剂对PFCs的吸附摄取情况。吸附剂材料的合成与其结构之间的关系与整体吸附性能相关。因此，对基于CD的分子印迹聚合物（CD-MIPs）的吸附摄取特性进行了综述，并与传统的MIPs进行了比较。还与非印迹聚合物（NIPs）进行了进一步比较，NIPs是在没有分子模板的情况下，基于预聚物单元（如壳聚糖）与环氧氯丙烷的交联反应制备的。一般来说，与NIPs相比，MIPs具有选择性、化学可调性、高稳定性和机械强度、易于再生以及总体成本较低等优点。特别是，CD-MIPs还具有额外的优势，即拥有多个具有独特物理化学性质的结合位点，如可调的表面性质和形态，这些性质可能会有很大差异。这篇综述为设计独特的聚合物吸附剂材料提供了理论依据，该材料通过在聚合物骨架中引入大环化合物来采用内在致孔剂，从而提供具有可调物理化学性质和独特纳米结构性质的吸附剂材料。
