Buklijas Tatjana
University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Hist Psychiatry. 2017 Sep;28(3):311-325. doi: 10.1177/0957154X17700293. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
London County Council's pathological laboratory in the LCC asylum at Claybury, Essex, was established in 1895 to study the pathology of mental illness. Historians of psychiatry have understood the Claybury laboratory as a predecessor of the Maudsley Hospital in London: not only was this laboratory closed when the Maudsley was opened in 1916, but its director, Frederick Walker Mott, a champion of the 'German' model in psychiatry, was instrumental in the establishment of this institution. Yet, as I argue in this essay, for all the continuities with the Maudsley, the Claybury laboratory should not be seen solely as its predecessor - or as a British answer to continental laboratories such as Theodor Meynert's in Vienna. Rather, as I show using the examples of general paralysis of the insane and 'asylum colitis', the Claybury laboratory is best understood as an attempt to prevent mental illness using a microbiological model.
伦敦郡议会在埃塞克斯郡克莱伯里的伦敦郡议会精神病院设立的病理实验室，于1895年成立，旨在研究精神疾病的病理学。精神病学史学家将克莱伯里实验室视为伦敦莫兹利医院的前身：该实验室不仅在1916年莫兹利医院开业时关闭，而且其主任弗雷德里克·沃克·莫特是精神病学中“德国”模式的倡导者，在该机构的建立过程中发挥了重要作用。然而，正如我在本文中所论证的，尽管与莫兹利医院有诸多连续性，但克莱伯里实验室不应仅仅被视为其前身——或者被视为对维也纳西奥多·迈纳特等大陆实验室的英国回应。相反，正如我以精神错乱性全身麻痹和“收容所结肠炎”为例所表明的那样，克莱伯里实验室最好被理解为试图使用微生物学模型来预防精神疾病。
