Anbalagan Sankarappan, Kannan Mani, Dinakaran Sundaram, Krishnan Muthukalingan
Department of Zoology, Sethupathy Government Arts College, Ramanathapuram, India.
Department of Zoology, The Madura College, Madurai, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2017 Jan-Mar;54(1):80-86.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are ecologically and medically important insects. Female adults of black flies are the solitary vectors of river blindness (onchocerciasis) and their larvae play a vital role in stream ecosystem. This study examined the distribution of black flies in the Oriental region and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of the subgenus Gomphostilbia members based on two molecular loci.
The distribution data of black fly species in different countries of Oriental region were obtained from world black flies geographic inventory. The two gene sequences, COI and ITS1 were used to study the phylogenetic relationships of the members of subgenus Gomphostilbia members.
The distribution analysis revealed that out of the 16 subgenera in the genus Simulium Latreille s., the species-level diversity of three subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia and Simulium) contributes about thrice of total black fly species diversity. The highest diversity of species was found in the subgenus Simulium. The strict consensus of Tree analysis using New Technology (TNT) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) recovered similar topolo- gies for Gomphostilbia members and they formed as monophyly. The overall sequence identities of the 19 species of subgenus Gomphostilbia were high and shared 55-60% similarity.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Results of this study highlighted that eight subgenera of Simulium Latreille s. str are commonly distributed in different parts of Oriental region. Among these the subgenera of Simulium, Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia are most common with high diversity in China, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam. The phylogenetic analysis of Gomphostilbia members demonstrates the inter-specific divergence, indicating the centre of origin (India) or the recipient of ancestral migrant lineages in Oriental region.
蚋（双翅目：蚋科）是具有重要生态和医学意义的昆虫。雌性蚋成虫是河盲症（盘尾丝虫病）的唯一传播媒介，其幼虫在溪流生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。本研究调查了蚋在东洋区的分布，并基于两个分子位点分析了Gomphostilbia亚属成员的系统发育关系。
从世界蚋地理名录中获取东洋区不同国家蚋物种的分布数据。使用细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）和核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区（ITS1）这两个基因序列研究Gomphostilbia亚属成员的系统发育关系。
分布分析显示，在Latreille蚋属的16个亚属中，三个亚属（Gomphostilbia、Nevermannia和蚋属）的物种水平多样性约占蚋总物种多样性的三倍。物种多样性最高的是蚋属亚属。使用新技术（TNT）和最大似然法（ML）进行的系统树分析的严格合意树恢复了Gomphostilbia成员相似的拓扑结构，它们形成一个单系类群。Gomphostilbia亚属19个物种的总体序列同一性较高，相似度为55%-60%。
本研究结果突出表明，狭义Latreille蚋属的八个亚属广泛分布于东洋区不同地区。其中，蚋属、Gomphostilbia和Nevermannia亚属在中国、巴基斯坦、泰国和越南最为常见且多样性高。Gomphostilbia成员的系统发育分析显示了种间差异，表明其起源中心（印度）或东洋区祖先迁移谱系的接受地。
