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Berkson 误差调整和职业病例对照研究中的其他暴露替代物,及其在加拿大 INTEROCC 研究中的应用。

Berkson error adjustment and other exposure surrogates in occupational case-control studies, with application to the Canadian INTEROCC study.

机构信息

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.

Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

出版信息

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2018 May;28(3):251-258. doi: 10.1038/jes.2017.2. Epub 2017 Mar 29.

Abstract

Many epidemiological studies assessing the relationship between exposure and disease are carried out without data on individual exposures. When this barrier is encountered in occupational studies, the subject exposures are often evaluated with a job-exposure matrix (JEM), which consists of mean exposure for occupational categories measured on a comparable group of workers. One of the objectives of the seven-country case-control study of occupational exposure and brain cancer risk, INTEROCC, was to investigate the relationship of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in different frequency ranges and brain cancer risk. In this paper, we use the Canadian data from INTEROCC to estimate the odds of developing brain tumours due to occupational exposure to EMF. The first step was to find the best EMF exposure surrogate among the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, and the mean of log-normal exposure distribution for each occupation in the JEM, in comparison to Berkson error adjustments via numerical approximation of the likelihood function. Contrary to previous studies of Berkson errors in JEMs, we found that the geometric mean was the best exposure surrogate. This analysis provided no evidence that cumulative lifetime exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields increases brain cancer risk, a finding consistent with other recent epidemiological studies.

摘要

许多评估暴露与疾病之间关系的流行病学研究都是在没有个体暴露数据的情况下进行的。当在职业研究中遇到这一障碍时,通常会使用职业暴露矩阵 (JEM) 来评估受试者暴露情况,JEM 由在可比工人组中测量的职业类别平均暴露值组成。职业暴露与脑癌风险的七国病例对照研究 (INTEROCC) 的目的之一是研究不同频率范围内职业暴露于电磁场 (EMF) 与脑癌风险之间的关系。在本文中,我们使用 INTEROCC 的加拿大数据来估计由于职业接触 EMF 而导致脑瘤的发病几率。第一步是在 JEM 中的每个职业中,通过数值逼近似然函数,在算术平均值、几何平均值和对数正态分布的平均值之间找到最佳的 EMF 暴露替代值,以比较 Berkson 误差调整。与 JEM 中的 Berkson 误差的先前研究相反,我们发现几何平均值是最佳暴露替代值。这项分析没有提供证据表明极低频磁场的终生累积暴露会增加脑癌风险,这一发现与其他最近的流行病学研究一致。

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