Weiss G Adrienne, Hennet Thierry
Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Aug;74(16):2959-2977. doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2509-x. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
The composition of the gut microbiota is in constant flow under the influence of factors such as the diet, ingested drugs, the intestinal mucosa, the immune system, and the microbiota itself. Natural variations in the gut microbiota can deteriorate to a state of dysbiosis when stress conditions rapidly decrease microbial diversity and promote the expansion of specific bacterial taxa. The mechanisms underlying intestinal dysbiosis often remain unclear given that combinations of natural variations and stress factors mediate cascades of destabilizing events. Oxidative stress, bacteriophages induction and the secretion of bacterial toxins can trigger rapid shifts among intestinal microbial groups thereby yielding dysbiosis. A multitude of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases but also metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes type II are associated with intestinal dysbiosis. The characterization of the changes leading to intestinal dysbiosis and the identification of the microbial taxa contributing to pathological effects are essential prerequisites to better understand the impact of the microbiota on health and disease.
在饮食、摄入的药物、肠黏膜、免疫系统以及微生物群自身等因素的影响下，肠道微生物群的组成处于不断变化之中。当应激条件迅速降低微生物多样性并促进特定细菌类群的扩张时，肠道微生物群的自然变化可能会恶化为一种失调状态。鉴于自然变化和应激因素的组合介导了一系列不稳定事件，肠道失调背后的机制往往仍不清楚。氧化应激、噬菌体诱导和细菌毒素的分泌可引发肠道微生物群之间的快速转变，从而导致失调。包括炎症性肠病在内的多种疾病，以及肥胖症和II型糖尿病等代谢紊乱都与肠道失调有关。明确导致肠道失调的变化特征并识别对病理效应有贡献的微生物类群，是更好地理解微生物群对健康和疾病影响的重要前提。
