Maracahipes-Santos L, Lenza E, Santos J O, Mews H A, Oliveira B
Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia - IPAM, Rua Horizontina, 104, CEP 78640-000, Canarana, MT, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, CP 08, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2017 Nov;77(4):830-839. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.02016. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
The Cerrado Biome is considered one of the world's biodiversity hotspots because of its rich biodiversity, the high level of endemism and the increasing threat. The Cerrado is composed by a mosaic of different vegetation types, including physiognomies that vary from grasslands (campo limpo) to savannas (typical cerrado or cerrado sensu stricto) and cerrado woodlands (cerradão). However, the factors that determine the composition of the Cerrado's flora and the structure of the physiognomies that compose this biome are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the influence of the chemical and granulometric properties of the soil and the effect of geographic distance on the occurrence and abundance of woody species in three Cerrado phytophysiognomies - cerrado woodland (cerradão), dense cerrado savanna and typical cerrado savanna - in the Cerrado-Amazon transition. We tested the hypothesis that the edaphic characteristics and geographic space determine the species composition and the structure of the woody vegetation of these three phytophysiognomies. We demonstrate that the dissimilarities in the structure and composition of the three sites were determined more by space (13% of explanation) than edaphic properties (1%), but primarily by the interaction between these two factors (26%). We conclude that, in situations where the chemical and granulometric properties of the soil are relatively homogeneous, as we found in the present study, geographic distance between sites has a greater influence than variation in the substrate's properties on modelling the occurrence and abundance of the woody plant species in the Cerrado.
塞拉多生物群落因其丰富的生物多样性、高度的特有性以及日益增加的威胁，被视为世界生物多样性热点地区之一。塞拉多由不同植被类型镶嵌而成，包括从草原（净草原）到稀树草原（典型塞拉多或狭义塞拉多）以及塞拉多林地（密灌丛）等不同外貌特征的植被。然而，决定塞拉多植物区系组成以及构成该生物群落的植被外貌结构的因素，目前仍知之甚少。在此，我们研究了土壤的化学和粒度特性的影响，以及地理距离对塞拉多 - 亚马逊过渡区三种塞拉多植物群落类型——塞拉多林地（密灌丛）、浓密塞拉多稀树草原和典型塞拉多稀树草原——中木本植物物种的出现和丰度的影响。我们检验了这样一个假设，即土壤特征和地理空间决定了这三种植物群落类型中木本植被的物种组成和结构。我们证明，这三个地点在结构和组成上的差异，更多是由空间因素（解释度为13%）而非土壤性质（1%）决定的，但主要是由这两个因素之间的相互作用（26%）决定的。我们得出结论，在本研究中我们发现土壤的化学和粒度特性相对均匀的情况下，地点之间的地理距离对模拟塞拉多木本植物物种的出现和丰度的影响，比基质性质的变化更大。
