Gevorgianiene Violeta, Sumskiene Egle
Vilnius University, Lithuania.
J Intellect Disabil. 2017 Sep;21(3):235-247. doi: 10.1177/1744629517701561. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
This article focuses on the situation of persons with intellectual disabilities in the developing post-Soviet countries and aims to review the extent to which services offered to them promote values of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and empower these persons to lead fulfilling lives. Interviews with experts revealed that post-Soviet countries form a peculiar cluster among other developing countries, which has specific attributes. First of all, there prevails a strong stigmatization, which consequently leads to the predominant silent mandate to isolate those with intellectual disabilities in big residential care institutions. Second, the governments' lack political will to start the reforms and initiatives of nongovernmental organizations which they do not sustain (or, assumingly, are even suppressed). As a result, persons with intellectual disabilities find themselves stuck between the Soviet tradition of exclusion and simulated superficial reforms.
本文聚焦于后苏联时代发展中国家智力残疾者的状况，旨在审视为他们提供的服务在多大程度上促进了《残疾人权利公约》的价值观，并使这些人能够过上充实的生活。对专家的访谈表明，后苏联国家在其他发展中国家中形成了一个特殊的群体，具有特定的属性。首先，存在强烈的污名化现象，这进而导致了一种主要的隐性指令，即将智力残疾者隔离在大型寄宿照料机构中。其次，政府缺乏启动改革的政治意愿，对非政府组织的倡议也不予支持（或者，可以推测，甚至加以压制）。结果，智力残疾者发现自己被困在苏联式的排斥传统和表面化的模拟改革之间。
