Jakobsen Marianne U, Madsen Lise, Skjøth Flemming, Berentzen Tina L, Halkjær Jytte, Tjønneland Anne, Schmidt Erik B, Sørensen Thorkild Ia, Kristiansen Karsten, Overvad Kim
Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 May;105(5):1148-1157. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140079. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
Adding long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to a rodent diet reduces fat mass and prevents the development of obesity, but evidence of a similar effect in humans is rather limited. We investigated the associations between dietary intake and adipose tissue content of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and subsequent 5-y change in body weight and waist circumference in humans. Effect modification by the carbohydrate:protein ratio and glycemic index was also investigated. A total of 29,152 participants included in the Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort were followed. Dietary intake was assessed with the use of a validated 192-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Adipose tissue content of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography in a random sample of the cohort ( = 1660). Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and 5 y later. Associations were investigated with the use of a linear regression model. For high (1.22 g/d) compared with low (0.28 g/d) total n-3 PUFA intake, the difference in 5-y weight change was 147.6 g (95% CI: -42.3, 337.5 g); -trend = 0.088. No associations between the individual n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were observed. Intake of n-3 PUFAs was not associated with a 5-y change in waist circumference. For high (0.16%) compared with low (0.06%) adipose tissue content of EPA, the difference in 5-y weight change was -649.6 g (95% CI: -1254.2, -44.9 g); -trend = 0.027. No associations between total n-3 PUFA, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid and 5-y weight change were observed. Adipose tissue content of n-3 PUFAs was not associated with 5-y change in waist circumference. No effect modification by carbohydrate:protein ratio or glycemic index was found. Dietary intake and adipose tissue content of long-chain n-3 PUFAs were neither consistently nor appreciably associated with change in body weight or waist circumference.
在啮齿动物饮食中添加长链n-3（ω-3）多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）可减少脂肪量并预防肥胖症的发生，但在人类中类似效果的证据相当有限。我们调查了人类饮食中长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量与脂肪组织含量之间的关联，以及随后5年体重和腰围的变化。还研究了碳水化合物：蛋白质比例和血糖指数的效应修正。对饮食、癌症和健康队列中的29152名参与者进行了随访。使用经过验证的192项半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。通过气相色谱法在队列的随机样本（n = 1660）中测定脂肪酸的脂肪组织含量。在基线和5年后进行人体测量。使用线性回归模型研究关联。与低（0.28克/天）总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量相比，高（1.22克/天）摄入量时，5年体重变化的差异为147.6克（95%置信区间：-42.3，337.5克）；P趋势 = 0.088。未观察到二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸等单个n-3多不饱和脂肪酸之间的关联。n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量与5年腰围变化无关。与低（0.06%）EPA脂肪组织含量相比，高（0.16%）含量时，5年体重变化的差异为-649.6克（95%置信区间：-1254.2，-44.9克）；P趋势 = 0.027。未观察到总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸与5年体重变化之间的关联。n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的脂肪组织含量与5年腰围变化无关。未发现碳水化合物：蛋白质比例或血糖指数的效应修正。长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的饮食摄入量和脂肪组织含量与体重或腰围变化既无一致关联也无明显关联。
