Scott Colleen, Walusimbi Simon, Kirenga Bruce, Joloba Moses, Winters Muttamba, Abdunoor Nyombi, Bain Rommel, Alexander Heather, Shinnick Tom, Toney Sean, Odeke Rosemary, Mwangi Christine, Birabwa Estella, Dejene Seyoum, Mugabe Frank, YaDiul Mukadi, Cavanaugh J Sean
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Mar 31;66(12):339-342. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6612a6.
In 2012, Uganda introduced the use of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale CA), a sensitive, automated, real-time polymerase chain reaction-based platform for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, for programmatic use among children, adults with presumptive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated TB, and symptomatic persons at risk for rifampicin (RIF)-resistant TB. The effect of using the platform's Xpert MTB/RIF assay on TB care and control was assessed using routinely collected programmatic data; in addition, a retrospective review of district quarterly summaries using abstracted TB register data from purposively selected facilities in the capital city of Kampala was conducted. Case notification rates were calculated and nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed in case notification rates before and after the Xpert MTB/RIF assay became available, although four of 10 districts demonstrated a statistically significant difference in bacteriologically confirmed TB. Once the GeneXpert MTB/RIF platform is established and refined, a more comprehensive evaluation should be conducted.
2012年，乌干达开始在儿童、推定患有人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关结核病的成人以及有耐利福平（RIF）结核病风险的有症状人群中，将GeneXpert MTB/RIF（Cepheid公司，加利福尼亚州桑尼维尔市）作为一种基于实时聚合酶链反应的敏感、自动化结核病（TB）诊断平台用于项目实施。利用常规收集的项目数据评估使用该平台的Xpert MTB/RIF检测对结核病防治的影响；此外，还对坎帕拉首都城市中经过有目的选择的设施的结核病登记数据摘要进行了地区季度总结的回顾性审查。计算病例通报率并使用非参数统计方法进行分析。在Xpert MTB/RIF检测可用前后，病例通报率未观察到统计学上的显著差异，尽管10个地区中有4个在细菌学确诊的结核病方面显示出统计学上的显著差异。一旦GeneXpert MTB/RIF平台建立并完善，应进行更全面的评估。
