Shamriz Shabnam, Ofoghi Hamideh
a Department of Biotechnology , Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology , Tehran , Iran.
Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2016 Apr-Oct;32(1-2):92-106. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1307673. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
Microalgae, also called microphytes, are a vast group of microscopic photosynthetic organisms living in aquatic ecosystems. Microalgae have attracted the attention of biotechnology industry as a platform for extracting natural products with high commercial value. During last decades, microalgae have been also used as cost-effective and easily scalable platform for the production of recombinant proteins with medical and industrial applications. Most progress in this field has been made with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model organism mainly because of its simple life cycle, well-established genetics and ease of cultivation. However, due to the scarcity of existing infrastructure for commercial production and processing together with relatively low product yields, no recombinant products from C. reinhardtii have gained approval for commercial production and most of them are still in research and development. In this review, we focus on the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii as an algal recombinant expression platform and compare its advantages and disadvantages to other currently used expression systems. We then discuss the strategies for engineering the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii to produce recombinant cells and present a comprehensive overview of works that have used this platform for the expression of high-value products.
微藻，也被称为微植物，是生活在水生生态系统中的一大类微观光合生物。微藻作为一个用于提取具有高商业价值天然产物的平台，已引起生物技术产业的关注。在过去几十年里，微藻还被用作生产具有医学和工业应用的重组蛋白的经济高效且易于扩展的平台。该领域的大部分进展是以莱茵衣藻作为模式生物取得的，这主要是因为其生命周期简单、遗传学成熟且易于培养。然而，由于商业生产和加工的现有基础设施匮乏，以及产品产量相对较低，来自莱茵衣藻的重组产品尚未获得商业生产批准，其中大多数仍处于研发阶段。在本综述中，我们聚焦于莱茵衣藻的叶绿体作为藻类重组表达平台，并将其优缺点与其他目前使用的表达系统进行比较。然后，我们讨论改造莱茵衣藻叶绿体以生产重组细胞的策略，并全面概述使用该平台表达高价值产品的相关研究工作。
