Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017 Jun;37:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic immune systems that allow defense against invasion by foreign genetic elements. Through the acquisition of genetic memory representing prior exposure, the CRISPR-Cas machinery identifies complementary nucleic acids and mediates their destruction. Since their discovery, CRISPR-Cas research has exploded, with major progress into their mechanism and biotechnological application. In contrast, we are only beginning to understand how CRISPR-Cas activity is regulated. Recent studies have uncovered both conserved regulatory pathways, in addition to more specific mechanisms. Identifying the stimuli linking invasion with CRISPR-Cas activation will be essential in unraveling their ecological roles, evolutionary success and might offer strategies to control immunity for particular applications. We highlight factors impinging on CRISPR-Cas regulation across diverse bacterial and archaeal species.
CRISPR-Cas 系统是原核生物的免疫系统，可防御外来遗传元件的入侵。通过获取代表先前暴露的遗传记忆，CRISPR-Cas 机制识别互补的核酸并介导其破坏。自发现以来，CRISPR-Cas 的研究迅速发展，对其机制和生物技术应用取得了重大进展。相比之下，我们才刚刚开始了解 CRISPR-Cas 活性是如何调节的。最近的研究不仅揭示了保守的调控途径，还揭示了更具体的机制。确定将入侵与 CRISPR-Cas 激活联系起来的刺激因素对于揭示它们的生态作用、进化成功以及为特定应用控制免疫的策略将是至关重要的。我们强调了影响不同细菌和古菌中 CRISPR-Cas 调节的因素。
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