Taymur İbrahim, Özdel Kadir, Aypak Cenk, Duyan Veli, Türedi Özlem, Güngör Buket Belkız, Selvi Yavuz
Clinic of Psychiatry, Şevket Yılmaz Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
Clinic of Psychiatry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2016 Jun;53(2):108-114. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.10095. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
We aimed to determine the level of bereavement and depression symptoms among elderly patients who experience the loss of a significant other and the relationship between depressive symptoms and bereavement symptoms.
The study sample consisted of elderly adults who lost a significant other at least 6 months prior to the submission time. Participants were recruited from patients who presented to either the psychiatry or family medicine outpatient unit of a Training and Research Hospital. Cognitive functions were assessed using Standardized Mini Mental Examinations for Educated and Uneducated People (SMME/SMME-U). Participants were excluded from the study if their SMME or SMME-U scores were lower than 23 points. To assess the severity of depressive and bereavement symptoms, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Core Bereavement Items (CBI) scales were used, respectively.
Overall, 33 out of 67 individuals (49.2%) who presented to the psychiatry unit and 7 out of the 43 individuals (16.3%) who presented to the family medicine unit were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). CBI scale score means were higher in the MDD groups than in the non-depressive groups (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). CBI scores were significantly correlated to acute (p=0.047) and chronic stress (p=0.007) in the psychiatry group and to chronic stress in the family medicine group (p=0.001).
Probing loss experiences and reactions to them can be important to understand depression, to evaluate its symptoms, and to help manage the relevant symptoms. Considering the significant contributions of bereavement to depressive symptom severity in elders, interventions specific to bereavement symptoms should not be ignored.
我们旨在确定经历重要他人离世的老年患者的丧亲之痛和抑郁症状水平，以及抑郁症状与丧亲症状之间的关系。
研究样本包括在提交时间前至少6个月失去重要他人的老年人。参与者从一家培训和研究医院的精神科或家庭医学门诊就诊的患者中招募。使用针对受过教育和未受过教育人群的标准化简易精神检查（SMME/SMME-U）评估认知功能。如果参与者的SMME或SMME-U得分低于23分，则将其排除在研究之外。分别使用老年抑郁量表（GDS）和核心丧亲项目（CBI）量表评估抑郁和丧亲症状的严重程度。
总体而言，在精神科就诊的67人中，有33人（49.2%）被诊断为重度抑郁症（MDD），在家庭医学科就诊的43人中，有7人（16.3%）被诊断为MDD。MDD组的CBI量表得分均值高于非抑郁组（分别为p = 0.012和p = 0.001）。在精神科组中，CBI得分与急性应激（p = 0.047）和慢性应激（p = 0.007）显著相关，在家庭医学组中与慢性应激显著相关（p = 0.001）。
探究丧失经历及其反应对于理解抑郁症、评估其症状以及帮助管理相关症状可能很重要。鉴于丧亲之痛对老年人抑郁症状严重程度有重大影响，针对丧亲症状的干预措施不应被忽视。
