Willem Annick, De Rycke Jens, Theeboom Marc
Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium.
Front Psychol. 2017 Mar 16;8:354. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00354. eCollection 2017.
This study used self-determination theory to examine the role of participants' autonomous and controlled motivation to exercise and to participate in a challenging mass cycling event and investigated whether the event enhanced intended and actual exercise behavior among the participants. Two hundred and twenty-eight subjects, having participated in the cycling event, completed a questionnaire shortly after the event and again 4 months later. The questionnaire measured self-reported cycling and exercise activity, training in preparation of the event, motivation to participate in the event, motivation to exercise, and future exercise intentions due to the event. Results showed that most participants were very active in cycling and other sports. The expected positive effect of autonomous motivation on exercise intentions and behavior could not be confirmed in our study. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the event had an enhancing effect on exercise intentions shortly after the event among participants that scored higher on controlled motivation to exercise (β = 0.15) and to participate (β = 0.15); also, participants were more satisfied with the event (β = 0.19) and had followed a preparation program before the event (β = 0.15). However, intentions and exercise behavior distinctively dropped 4 months after the event. Events aiming to enhance their participants' exercise behavior need to attract less active participants and need to make additional efforts to prevent relapse in intentions and exercise behavior.
本研究运用自我决定理论，考察参与者自主和受控制的运动动机在参与具有挑战性的大规模自行车赛事中的作用，并探究该赛事是否增强了参与者的预期运动行为和实际运动行为。228名参与自行车赛事的受试者在赛事结束后不久及4个月后分别完成了一份问卷。问卷测量了自我报告的自行车骑行和运动活动、为赛事做准备的训练、参与赛事的动机、运动动机以及因该赛事产生的未来运动意向。结果显示，大多数参与者在自行车骑行和其他运动方面非常活跃。在我们的研究中，自主动机对运动意向和行为的预期积极影响未能得到证实。多元回归分析表明，对于在受控制的运动动机（β = 0.15）和参与动机（β = 0.15）得分较高的参与者，该赛事在赛事结束后不久对运动意向有增强作用；此外，参与者对赛事更满意（β = 0.19），并且在赛事前遵循了准备计划（β = 0.15）。然而，赛事结束4个月后，意向和运动行为显著下降。旨在增强参与者运动行为的赛事需要吸引不太活跃的参与者，并需要做出额外努力以防止意向和运动行为出现反复。
