Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Canada.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 3;80(Pt B):81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.019. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
Neuroimaging provided much insight into the neural activity of the brain and its alterations in psychiatric disorders. However, despite extensive research, the exact neuronal mechanisms leading to the various psychopathological symptoms remain unclear, yet. In addition to task-evoked activity during affective, cognitive, or other challenges, the brain's spontaneous or resting state activity has come increasingly into the focus. Basically all psychiatric disorders show abnormal resting state activity with the relation to psychopathological symptoms remaining unclear though. I here suggest to conceive the brain's spontaneous activity in spatiotemporal terms that is, by various mechanisms that are based on its spatial, i.e., functional connectivity, and temporal, i.e., fluctuations in different frequencies, features. I here point out two such spatiotemporal mechanisms, i.e., "spatiotemporal binding and integration". Alterations in the resting state's spatial and temporal features lead to abnormal "spatiotemporal binding and integration" which results in abnormal contents in cognition as in the various psychopathological symptoms. This, together with concrete empirical evidence, is demonstrated in depression and schizophrenia. I therefore conclude that we need to develop a spatiotemporal approach to psychopathology, "spatiotemporal psychopathology:" as I call it.
神经影像学为理解精神疾病中的大脑神经活动及其变化提供了很多洞见。然而,尽管进行了广泛的研究,导致各种精神病理症状的确切神经元机制仍不清楚。除了情感、认知或其他挑战期间的任务诱发活动外,大脑的自发或静息状态活动也越来越受到关注。尽管如此,基本上所有精神障碍都表现出异常的静息状态活动,但与精神病理症状的关系仍不清楚。我在这里建议从时空的角度来构想大脑的自发活动,即通过基于其空间的各种机制,即功能连接,以及时间的,即不同频率的波动,特征。我在这里指出两个这样的时空机制,即“时空绑定和整合”。静息状态的空间和时间特征的改变导致异常的“时空绑定和整合”,从而导致认知中的异常内容,如各种精神病理症状。这一点,结合具体的实证证据,在抑郁症和精神分裂症中得到了证明。因此,我得出结论,我们需要开发一种时空方法来研究精神病理学,我称之为“时空精神病理学”。