Tardieu M
Département de pédiatrie et INSERM U 56, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Pediatrie. 1987;42(9):675-80.
Both viral meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children give clinical features of various severity. The mechanism of viral encephalitis varies from CNS cellular destruction, immune or oedematous process. The clinical and EEG features of herpes encephalitis in the child are usually well recognizable. CSF characteristics are important for differential diagnosis. Management therapy includes anti-oedema treatment, prevention or cure of seizures. Passive immunisation against rubella, rubeola and measles is the best prevention therapy for post-infectious encephalitis. Herpes encephalitis prognosis has improved with acyclovir therapy. In France, mortality due to post-infectious encephalitis is estimated below 5% and sequellae below 20%.
婴幼儿和儿童的病毒性脑膜炎和脑炎均有不同严重程度的临床特征。病毒性脑炎的发病机制包括中枢神经系统细胞破坏、免疫或水肿过程。儿童疱疹性脑炎的临床和脑电图特征通常很容易识别。脑脊液特征对鉴别诊断很重要。治疗包括抗水肿治疗、预防或控制癫痫发作。针对风疹、麻疹和腮腺炎的被动免疫是预防感染后脑炎的最佳疗法。阿昔洛韦治疗改善了疱疹性脑炎的预后。在法国，感染后脑炎的死亡率估计低于5%，后遗症发生率低于20%。
