Verkicharla Pavan K, Suheimat Marwan, Schmid Katrina L, Atchison David A
Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017 May;37(3):275-283. doi: 10.1111/opo.12359. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
To investigate whether retinal shape is different between East Asians and Caucasians.
There were 36 East Asian and 40 Caucasian young adults, with refractions between +0.75D and -5.50D. Peripheral eye lengths were obtained after pupil dilation using the Lenstar partial coherence interferometer. Measurements were obtained along the horizontal and vertical meridians of the visual field out to ±35° and ±30°, respectively, in 5° steps. Retinal co-ordinates were estimated using a validated method from the peripheral eye length measurements and ray-tracing through a modified Le Grand full theoretical eye. Rays were directed normally towards the anterior cornea. Retinal shapes were described in terms of vertex radius of curvature (R ), asphericity (Q) and equivalent radius of curvature (R ) along both horizontal and vertical meridians.
R was smaller in East Asian than in Caucasians (mean difference ± 95% CI -0.7 ± 0.5 mm), along the horizontal meridian than the vertical meridian (-1.2 ± 0.6 mm), and in myopia than in emmetropia (-1.0 ± 0.6 mm). R along the horizontal meridian, but not along the vertical meridian, became smaller as myopia increased. Q did not vary significantly with meridian, refraction group or race. The same pattern of results occurred for R as for R . The percentage differences of heights under the estimated retinal surfaces showed steeper retinas in East Asians than in Caucasians; the differences between East Asian and Caucasian emmetropes were 2.5% and <1% along horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively, and corresponding differences for myopes were 4.6% and 1.8%.
East Asians had steeper retinas than Caucasians. The horizontal meridian had steeper retinas than the vertical meridian. Myopes had steeper retinas than emmetropes. Racial differences in retinal shape in both emmetropes and myopes, combined with the high prevalence of myopia in East Asia, suggest that retinal shape may play a role in myopia development.
研究东亚人与高加索人的视网膜形状是否存在差异。
选取36名东亚年轻成年人和40名高加索年轻成年人，其屈光度在+0.75D至-5.50D之间。使用Lenstar部分相干干涉仪在瞳孔散大后测量周边眼轴长度。分别沿视野的水平和垂直子午线，以5°步长向外测量至±35°和±30°。通过改良的Le Grand全理论眼，利用经过验证的方法从周边眼轴长度测量值和光线追踪来估计视网膜坐标。光线垂直射向前角膜。沿水平和垂直子午线用顶点曲率半径（R）、非球面性（Q）和等效曲率半径（R）来描述视网膜形状。
在水平子午线上，东亚人的R比高加索人小（平均差异±95%CI -0.7±0.5mm），水平子午线的R比垂直子午线小（-1.2±0.6mm），近视者的R比正视者小（-1.0±0.6mm）。随着近视程度增加，水平子午线上的R变小，但垂直子午线上的R无明显变化。Q在子午线、屈光组或种族方面无显著差异。R的结果模式与R相同。估计的视网膜表面下高度的百分比差异显示，东亚人的视网膜比高加索人更陡峭；东亚正视者与高加索正视者在水平和垂直子午线上的差异分别为2.5%和<1%，近视者的相应差异为4.6%和1.8%。
东亚人的视网膜比高加索人更陡峭。水平子午线的视网膜比垂直子午线更陡峭。近视者的视网膜比正视者更陡峭。正视者和近视者视网膜形状的种族差异，以及东亚地区近视的高患病率，表明视网膜形状可能在近视发展中起作用。
