Forbes Valery E, Salice Chris J, Birnir Bjorn, Bruins Randy J F, Calow Peter, Ducrot Virginie, Galic Nika, Garber Kristina, Harvey Bret C, Jager Henriette, Kanarek Andrew, Pastorok Robert, Railsback Steve F, Rebarber Richard, Thorbek Pernille
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Environmental Science and Studies Program and Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Apr;36(4):845-859. doi: 10.1002/etc.3720.
Protection of ecosystem services is increasingly emphasized as a risk-assessment goal, but there are wide gaps between current ecological risk-assessment endpoints and potential effects on services provided by ecosystems. The authors present a framework that links common ecotoxicological endpoints to chemical impacts on populations and communities and the ecosystem services that they provide. This framework builds on considerable advances in mechanistic effects models designed to span multiple levels of biological organization and account for various types of biological interactions and feedbacks. For illustration, the authors introduce 2 case studies that employ well-developed and validated mechanistic effects models: the inSTREAM individual-based model for fish populations and the AQUATOX ecosystem model. They also show how dynamic energy budget theory can provide a common currency for interpreting organism-level toxicity. They suggest that a framework based on mechanistic models that predict impacts on ecosystem services resulting from chemical exposure, combined with economic valuation, can provide a useful approach for informing environmental management. The authors highlight the potential benefits of using this framework as well as the challenges that will need to be addressed in future work. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:845-859. © 2017 SETAC.
保护生态系统服务日益被强调为一项风险评估目标，但当前生态风险评估终点与对生态系统所提供服务的潜在影响之间存在巨大差距。作者提出了一个框架，将常见的生态毒理学终点与化学物质对种群、群落及其所提供的生态系统服务的影响联系起来。该框架建立在机制效应模型取得的重大进展之上，这些模型旨在跨越多个生物组织层次，并考虑各种类型的生物相互作用和反馈。为了说明这一点，作者介绍了两个采用完善且经过验证的机制效应模型的案例研究：用于鱼类种群的基于个体的inSTREAM模型和AQUATOX生态系统模型。他们还展示了动态能量平衡理论如何能够为解释生物体水平的毒性提供一种通用货币。他们认为，一个基于预测化学物质暴露对生态系统服务影响的机制模型，并结合经济估值的框架，可以为环境管理提供一种有用的方法。作者强调了使用该框架的潜在益处以及未来工作中需要解决的挑战。《环境毒理学与化学》2017年；36：845 - 859。© 2017 SETAC。
