Ashford Bruce G, Clark Jonathan, Gupta Ruta, Iyer N Gopalakrishna, Yu Bing, Ranson Marie
School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
Head Neck. 2017 Jul;39(7):1462-1469. doi: 10.1002/hed.24765. Epub 2017 Apr 3.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is second only in incidence to basal cell carcinoma (BCC), effecting up to 500 000 people in the United States annually. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes occurs in approximately 5% of cases and imparts significant morbidity. Standard treatment in this group involves a combination of surgery and adjuvant radiation. Currently, there are no clinically useful biomarkers of metastatic potential in primary cutaneous SCC and histological predictors can be unreliable. The high level of mutational burden in normal UV-exposed skin has hampered the search for novel drivers of invasive disease, and indeed metastatic potential. This review outlines the clinical problems in high-risk and metastatic cutaneous SCCs, reviews the known genetic events and molecular mechanisms in high-risk primary cutaneous SCC and metastasis, and identifies avenues for further investigation and potential therapy.
皮肤鳞状细胞癌（SCC）的发病率仅次于基底细胞癌（BCC），在美国每年影响多达50万人。约5%的病例会发生区域淋巴结转移，并带来显著的发病率。该组患者的标准治疗包括手术和辅助放疗。目前，原发性皮肤SCC尚无临床可用的转移潜能生物标志物，组织学预测指标可能不可靠。正常紫外线暴露皮肤中的高突变负荷阻碍了对侵袭性疾病以及转移潜能新驱动因素的寻找。本综述概述了高危和转移性皮肤SCC的临床问题，回顾了高危原发性皮肤SCC和转移中已知的基因事件和分子机制，并确定了进一步研究和潜在治疗的途径。
