Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2017 Jun 7;8:307-334. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101458. Epub 2017 Apr 3.
The present review deals with recent advances in the rapidly growing field of aerogel research and technology. The major focus of the review lies in approaches that allow tailoring of aerogel properties to meet application-driven requirements. The decisive properties of aerogels are discussed with regard to existing and potential application areas. Various tailoring strategies, such as modulation of the pore structure, coating, surface modification, and post-treatment, are illustrated by results of the last decade. In view of commercialization of aerogel-based products, a panorama of current industrial aerogel suppliers is given, along with a discussion of possible alternative sources for raw materials and precursors. Finally, growing points and perspectives of the aerogel field are summarized.
本综述涉及气凝胶研究和技术这一快速发展领域的最新进展。综述的主要重点在于能够根据应用需求定制气凝胶性能的方法。根据现有和潜在的应用领域，讨论了气凝胶的决定性特性。通过过去十年的研究结果，说明了各种定制策略，例如调节孔结构、涂层、表面改性和后处理。鉴于气凝胶基产品的商业化，本文介绍了当前工业气凝胶供应商的概况，并讨论了原材料和前体的可能替代来源。最后，总结了气凝胶领域的增长点和展望。
