Park Hyung-Bum, Zhang Weiwei, Hyun Joo-Seok
Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 06974.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 Jul;79(5):1393-1407. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1314-9.
We examined the aftermath of accessing and retrieving a subset of information stored in visual working memory (VWM)-namely, whether detection of a mismatch between memory and perception can impair the original memory of an item while triggering recognition-induced forgetting for the remaining, untested items. For this purpose, we devised a consecutive-change detection task wherein two successive testing probes were displayed after a single set of memory items. Across two experiments utilizing different memory-testing methods (whole vs. single probe), we observed a reliable pattern of poor performance in change detection for the second test when the first test had exhibited a color change. The impairment after a color change was evident even when the same memory item was repeatedly probed; this suggests that an attention-driven, salient visual change made it difficult to reinstate the previously remembered item. The second change detection, for memory items untested during the first change detection, was also found to be inaccurate, indicating that recognition-induced forgetting had occurred for the unprobed items in VWM. In a third experiment, we conducted a task that involved change detection plus continuous recall, wherein a memory recall task was presented after the change detection task. The analyses of the distributions of recall errors with a probabilistic mixture model revealed that the memory impairments from both visual changes and recognition-induced forgetting are explained better by the stochastic loss of memory items than by their degraded resolution. These results indicate that attention-driven visual change and recognition-induced forgetting jointly influence the "recycling" of VWM representations.
我们研究了访问和提取存储在视觉工作记忆（VWM）中的一部分信息后的结果，即，记忆与感知之间不匹配的检测是否会损害项目的原始记忆，同时引发对其余未测试项目的识别诱导遗忘。为此，我们设计了一个连续变化检测任务，其中在一组记忆项目之后显示两个连续的测试探针。在利用不同记忆测试方法（整体探针与单个探针）的两个实验中，我们观察到当第一次测试出现颜色变化时，第二次测试的变化检测表现出可靠的不佳模式。即使对相同的记忆项目进行重复探测，颜色变化后的损害仍然明显；这表明注意力驱动的显著视觉变化使得难以恢复先前记住的项目。对于在第一次变化检测期间未测试的记忆项目，第二次变化检测也被发现不准确，这表明在VWM中对未探测项目发生了识别诱导遗忘。在第三个实验中，我们进行了一项涉及变化检测加连续回忆的任务，其中在变化检测任务之后呈现记忆回忆任务。用概率混合模型对回忆错误分布的分析表明，视觉变化和识别诱导遗忘导致的记忆损害，用记忆项目的随机丢失比用其分辨率下降能更好地解释。这些结果表明，注意力驱动的视觉变化和识别诱导遗忘共同影响VWM表征的“循环利用”。
