Frielink-Loing Andrea F, Koning Arno, van Lier Rob
Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The
J Vis. 2017 Apr 1;17(4):3. doi: 10.1167/17.4.3.
This study investigated the relative contributions of overt and covert attention on the apparent anticipatory nature of attention in two experiments, using two different object tracking tasks, both combined with a probe detection task. In Experiment 1, we investigated the distribution of attention for overtly and covertly tracked targets separately at low tracking load using a single-object tracking task (one target, one distractor). We found anisotropic distributions of probe detection rates for both overtly tracked and covertly tracked targets, with highest detection rates at locations ahead of the target's movement. In Experiment 2, we investigated the distribution of attention in overt and covert tracking at a relatively higher tracking load using a multiple-object tracking task (two targets, two distractors) in which viewers overtly tracked one target while simultaneously covertly tracking a second target. We found anisotropic distributions of probe detection rates around covertly tracked targets only. We conclude that covert attention always anticipates motion when keeping track of moving objects, while overt attention is more flexible and its anticipatory nature depends on the tracking task.
本研究在两项实验中，使用两种不同的目标跟踪任务，并将其与探测任务相结合，探究了外显注意和内隐注意对注意明显的预期性的相对贡献。在实验1中，我们使用单目标跟踪任务（一个目标，一个干扰物），在低跟踪负荷下分别研究了外显跟踪和内隐跟踪目标的注意分配情况。我们发现，对于外显跟踪和内隐跟踪的目标，探测率分布均呈现各向异性，在目标运动前方的位置探测率最高。在实验2中，我们使用多目标跟踪任务（两个目标，两个干扰物），在相对较高的跟踪负荷下研究了外显和内隐跟踪中的注意分配情况，其中观察者外显跟踪一个目标，同时内隐跟踪另一个目标。我们发现只有在内隐跟踪目标周围探测率分布呈现各向异性。我们得出结论，在跟踪移动物体时，内隐注意总是预期运动，而外显注意更灵活，其预期性取决于跟踪任务。
