Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MA, USA.
Prev Med. 2017 Jul;100:112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
No prior studies examining changes in the calorie content of chain restaurants have included national data before and after passage of federal menu labeling legislation, required by the 2010 Affordable Care Act. This paper describes trends in calories available in large U.S. chain restaurants in 2008 and 2012 to 2015 using data were obtained from the MenuStat project (2012 to 2015) and from the Center for Science in the Public Interest (2008). This analysis included 44 of the 100 largest U.S. restaurants which are available in all years of the data (2008 and 2012-2015) (N=19,391 items). Generalized linear models were used to examine 1) per-item calorie changes from 2008 to 2015 among items on the menu in all years and 2) mean calories in new items in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 compared to items on the menu in 2008 only. We found that Among items common to the menu in all years, overall calories declined from 327kcal in 2008 to 318kcal in 2015 (p-value for trend=0.03). No differences in mean calories among menu items newly introduced in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 relative to items only on the menu in 2008 were found. These results suggest that the federal menu labeling mandate (to be implemented in May 2017) appears to be influencing restaurant behavior towards lower average calories for menu items.
在 2010 年《平价医疗法案》（Affordable Care Act）要求实施联邦菜单标签法规之前，没有研究调查过连锁餐厅卡路里含量的变化情况，该法规要求在 2017 年 5 月实施。本文使用 MenuStat 项目（2012 年至 2015 年）和公众利益科学中心（Center for Science in the Public Interest）的数据，描述了 2008 年和 2012 年至 2015 年期间美国大型连锁餐厅可提供的卡路里趋势。这项分析包括在所有年份（2008 年和 2012-2015 年）的数据中都有供应的 100 家最大的美国餐厅中的 44 家（N=19391 个项目）。使用广义线性模型来检验 1）所有年份菜单上的每个项目从 2008 年到 2015 年的卡路里变化，2）2012 年、2013 年、2014 年和 2015 年新引入项目的平均卡路里与 2008 年菜单上的项目相比。我们发现，在所有年份菜单上共有的项目中，总体卡路里从 2008 年的 327 卡路里下降到 2015 年的 318 卡路里（趋势检验的 p 值=0.03）。在 2012 年、2013 年、2014 年和 2015 年新引入的菜单项目与 2008 年菜单上仅有的项目相比，其平均卡路里之间没有差异。这些结果表明，联邦菜单标签法规（将于 2017 年 5 月实施）似乎正在影响餐厅降低菜单项目平均卡路里的行为。
