Heßler Martina
Professur für Neuere Sozial-, Wirtschafts- und Technikgeschichte, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043, Hamburg, Deutschland.
NTM. 2017 Mar;25(1):1-33. doi: 10.1007/s00048-017-0167-6.
The competition between the chess computer Deep Blue and the former chess world champion Garri Kasparov in 1997 was a spectacle staged for the media. However, the chess game, like other games, was also a test field for artificial intelligence research. On the one hand Deep Blue's victory was called a "milestone" for AI research, on the other hand, a dead end, since the superiority of the chess computer was based on pure computing power and had nothing to do with "real" AI.The article questions the premises of these different interpretations and maps Deep Blue and its way of playing chess into the history of AI. This also requires an analysis of the underlying concepts of thinking. Finally, the essay calls for assuming different "ways of thinking" for man and computer. Instead of fundamental discussions of concepts of thinking, we should ask about the consequences of the human-machine division of labor.
1997年，国际象棋计算机深蓝与前国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫之间的对决是一场为媒体上演的精彩赛事。然而，国际象棋游戏与其他游戏一样，也是人工智能研究的试验场。一方面，深蓝的胜利被称为人工智能研究的“里程碑”，另一方面，又被视为死胡同，因为国际象棋计算机的优势基于纯粹的计算能力，与“真正的”人工智能毫无关系。本文对这些不同解读的前提提出质疑，并将深蓝及其下棋方式融入人工智能的历史中。这也需要对思维的基本概念进行分析。最后，本文呼吁为人和计算机假定不同的“思维方式”。我们不应从根本上讨论思维概念，而应探讨人机分工的后果。
